Korean Evidential Fragment

@cite{cumming-2026}

Paradigm entries for Korean tense-evidential morphology from @cite{cumming-2026}, Tables 18 (-te) and 19 (-ney). Korean is notable for morphologically encoding evidential perspective independently of utterance perspective.

-te vs -ney

Both markers distinguish retrospective/contemporaneous/prospective EP, but their UP constraints differ:

• -te: UP is always T < S (past-shifted)
• -ney: UP tracks speech-time more tightly (T < S, T = S, S < T)

This EP/UP factorization is verified in Phenomena/Cumming2026/Bridge.lean.

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePast : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -te PAST: T < A (strict downstream), T < S (past).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePast = { label := "-te PAST", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.strictDownstream, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.past }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePresent : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -te PRESENT: T = A (contemporaneous), T < S (past).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePresent = { label := "-te PRES", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.contemporaneous, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.past }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teFuture : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -te FUTURE: A < T (prospective).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teFuture = { label := "-te FUT", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.prospective, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.unconstrained }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPast : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -ney PAST: T < A (strict downstream), T < S (past).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPast = { label := "-ney PAST", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.strictDownstream, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.past }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPresent : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -ney PRESENT: T = A (contemporaneous), T = S (present).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPresent = { label := "-ney PRES", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.contemporaneous, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.present }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyFuture : Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

Korean -ney FUTURE: A < T (prospective), S < T (future).

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyFuture = { label := "-ney FUT", ep := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.EPCondition.prospective, up := Semantics.Tense.Evidential.UPCondition.future }

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teEntries : List Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

All Korean -te entries.

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teEntries = [Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePast, Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.tePresent, Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teFuture]

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyEntries : List Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

All Korean -ney entries.

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyEntries = [Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPast, Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyPresent, Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyFuture]

def Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.allEntries : List Semantics.Tense.Evidential.TAMEEntry

All Korean evidential entries.

Equations

• Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.allEntries = Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.teEntries ++ Fragments.Korean.Evidentials.neyEntries