Japanese Conditional Markers

@cite{iatridou-1991} @cite{mizuno-2024}

Conditional morphemes in Japanese and their HC/PC restrictions.

Markers

• -ra / -tara: HC-only. Cannot mark premise conditionals.
• nara: Can mark both HC and PC. PC reading available when antecedent echoes prior discourse (@cite{cao-white-lassiter-2025}, ex. 15).
• -(r)eba: Can mark both HC and PC. Used in Anderson conditionals with Non-Past consequent (@cite{mizuno-2024}, ex. 4a).

def Fragments.Japanese.Conditionals.ra : Semantics.Conditionals.ConditionalMarker

Japanese -ra / -tara: HC-only conditional marker.

Cannot mark premise conditionals. LNCs with -ra are degraded (@cite{cao-white-lassiter-2025}, ex. 16).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Japanese.Conditionals.nara : Semantics.Conditionals.ConditionalMarker

Japanese nara: HC and PC conditional marker.

Can mark premise conditionals. LNCs with nara are acceptable (@cite{cao-white-lassiter-2025}, ex. 15).

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Japanese.Conditionals.eba : Semantics.Conditionals.ConditionalMarker

Japanese -(r)eba: HC and PC conditional marker.

Used in Anderson conditionals. With Non-Past consequent, yields Anderson reading; with Past consequent, yields counterfactual reading.

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.