Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems

Italian Polarity-Sensitive Items #

@cite{chierchia-2006} @cite{chierchia-2013}

Lexical entries for Italian PSIs, typed by the theory-neutral categories from Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.

The Italian PSI system #

Italian lexicalizes the NPI/FCI distinction that English any collapses:

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def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.nessuno :
Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

nessuno/nessuna — N-word, pure NPI. Requires negative concord (postverbal: non ... nessuno). Base existential force; negative force from concord, not lexical.

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    def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.niente :
    Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

    niente/nulla — N-word for non-human, pure NPI.

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      def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.mai :
      Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

      mai — Temporal pure NPI (= English ever). Disallows FC use (contrast with English any).

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        def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.alcuno :
        Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

        alcuno — Pure NPI (formal register). Listed in @cite{chierchia-2006} table (76)/(94) alongside mai and ever. Restricted distribution: negation + formal contexts.

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          def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.neanche :
          Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

          neanche/nemmeno — Additive focus NPI (not even).

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            def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.qualsiasi :
            Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

            qualsiasi — Pure universal FCI. Universal force in positive/modal contexts. Under negation: only rhetorical ¬∀ reading ("not just any"). Does NOT have NPI use (unlike English any).

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              def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.qualunque :
              Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

              qualunque — Pure universal FCI (post-nominal only).

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                def Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.uno_qualsiasi :
                Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry

                un N qualsiasi — Existential FCI. Both domain and scalar alternatives active. Requires modal context; ungrammatical in plain episodic.

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                  theorem Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.mai_qualsiasi_distinct :
                  mai.polarityType ≠ qualsiasi.polarityType

                  Italian lexicalizes the NPI/FCI distinction: mai ≠ qualsiasi.

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                  theorem Fragments.Italian.PolarityItems.italian_npis_strengthening :
                  ([nessuno, niente, mai, alcuno, neanche].all fun (e : Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.PolarityItemEntry) => e.scalarDirection == Core.Lexical.PolarityItem.ScalarDirection.strengthening) = true

                  All Italian NPIs have strengthening scalar direction.