English Binominal Noun Phrases @cite{ten-wolde-2023}

Lexical entries for English nouns appearing in of-binominal constructions (N₁ of N₂), classified by @cite{ten-wolde-2023}'s six-way taxonomy.

Taxonomy

@cite{ten-wolde-2023} identifies six of-binominal constructions along a grammaticalization cline:

1. N+PP: the beast of the field — N₁ heads, PP ascribes property
2. Head-classifier: a cake of rye — N₁ heads, PP classifies
3. Pseudo-partitive: a glass of water — N₁ quantizes, N₂ heads
4. Evaluative BNP: that idiot of a doctor — N₁ evaluates N₂
5. Evaluative Modifier: a hell of a time — [N₁ of a] modifies N₂
6. Binominal Intensifier: a hell of a good time — [N₁ of a] intensifies

Integration

• Evaluative and quantizing-bridge semantics live in Semantics.Lexical.Noun.Binominal (cross-linguistic theory)
• The constructional network uses ConstructionGrammar.Constructicon
• The three-way BinominalType is shared with Spanish binominals via Core.Lexical.Binominal

inductive Fragments.English.Binominals.N₁SemanticClass : Type

Semantic class of the N₁ noun in an of-binominal.

N₁ nouns come from three broad semantic groups (@cite{ten-wolde-2023}), each with different grammaticalization behavior.

• inanimate : N₁SemanticClass

  Inanimate concrete nouns: cake, nub, breeze, husk. These develop pseudo-partitive readings first, then (sometimes) evaluative uses.

• animate : N₁SemanticClass

  Animate nouns: beast, snake, whale. These generally skip pseudo-partitive, entering directly as head-classifiers → evaluative BNPs. (snake is a notable exception, with attested pseudo-partitive uses.)

• abstract : N₁SemanticClass

  Abstract nouns: hell, devil, idiot, angel, bitch, bastard, honey. Includes religious/mythical beings and expletives that often refer to animate things. Already metaphorical; move quickly to evaluative and intensifier uses.

instance Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprN₁SemanticClass : Repr N₁SemanticClass

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprN₁SemanticClass = { reprPrec := Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprN₁SemanticClass.repr }

def Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprN₁SemanticClass.repr : N₁SemanticClass → ℕ → Std.Format

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instance Fragments.English.Binominals.instDecidableEqN₁SemanticClass : DecidableEq N₁SemanticClass

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instDecidableEqN₁SemanticClass x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqN₁SemanticClass.beq : N₁SemanticClass → N₁SemanticClass → Bool

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqN₁SemanticClass.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

instance Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqN₁SemanticClass : BEq N₁SemanticClass

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqN₁SemanticClass = { beq := Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqN₁SemanticClass.beq }

def Fragments.English.Binominals.N₁SemanticClass.developsPseudoPartitive : N₁SemanticClass → Bool

Inanimate N₁ nouns typically develop pseudo-partitive readings; animate and abstract ones do not.

Equations

• Fragments.English.Binominals.N₁SemanticClass.inanimate.developsPseudoPartitive = true
• Fragments.English.Binominals.N₁SemanticClass.animate.developsPseudoPartitive = false
• Fragments.English.Binominals.N₁SemanticClass.abstract.developsPseudoPartitive = false

structure Fragments.English.Binominals.BinominalN₁Entry : Type

An English N₁ noun entry for of-binominal constructions.

Each entry records the constructions in which the noun participates and its semantic class. The constructions field lists the OfBinominalTypes attested for this noun.

• form : String

  Surface form (e.g., "hell", "beast", "cake").

• formPlural : String

  Plural form.

• semanticClass : N₁SemanticClass

  Semantic class.

• constructions : List Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType

  Which of-binominal constructions this noun appears in.

• hasReducedForm : Bool

  Does this noun have a reduced/fused intensifier form (e.g., helluva, hella, whaleuva)?

def Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprBinominalN₁Entry.repr : BinominalN₁Entry → ℕ → Std.Format

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instance Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprBinominalN₁Entry : Repr BinominalN₁Entry

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprBinominalN₁Entry = { reprPrec := Fragments.English.Binominals.instReprBinominalN₁Entry.repr }

def Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqBinominalN₁Entry.beq : BinominalN₁Entry → BinominalN₁Entry → Bool

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqBinominalN₁Entry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

instance Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqBinominalN₁Entry : BEq BinominalN₁Entry

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• Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqBinominalN₁Entry = { beq := Fragments.English.Binominals.instBEqBinominalN₁Entry.beq }

def Fragments.English.Binominals.hell : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.beast : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.cake : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.whale : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.bitch : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.nub : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.breeze : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.husk : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.snake : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.idiot : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.angel : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.gem : BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.allN₁Entries : List BinominalN₁Entry

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.nPPConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

The six of-binominal constructions as CxG Construction entries (@cite{ten-wolde-2023}).

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.headClassifierConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.pseudoPartitiveConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.ebnpConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.emConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.biConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.simpleNPConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

The simple NP construction (@cite{ten-wolde-2023} §8.4).

The simple NP [[Det] (Mod) [N]] plays a key role in the constructional network: the head-classifier shares a polysemy link with the classifier premodifier in the NP, and the evaluative constructions share polysemy links with evaluative/intensifier premodifiers in the NP.

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.adjPhraseConstruction : ConstructionGrammar.Construction

The adjective phrase construction, linked to BI (@cite{ten-wolde-2023} Fig 8.13).

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def Fragments.English.Binominals.ofBinominalNetwork : ConstructionGrammar.Constructicon

The of-binominal constructional network (@cite{ten-wolde-2023}).

All links on the grammaticalization path are metaphorical (M) at the micro-construction level (Figs 8.7, 8.9, 8.11, 8.13): each step involves a conceptual metaphor that extends the source construction's meaning to a new domain. Each construction also has a taxonomic link to the schematic N+PP mother node at a higher level (not modeled here).

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theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.network_size : ofBinominalNetwork.constructions.length = 8

The network has 8 constructions (6 of-binominal + simple NP + AP).

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.network_links : ofBinominalNetwork.links.length = 9

The network has 9 links (4 grammaticalization + 1 N+PP polysemy + 4 polysemy to NP/AP).

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.hell_all_six : hell.constructions.length = 6

hell participates in all six constructions (most grammaticalized).

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.hell_has_reduced : hell.hasReducedForm = true

hell has a reduced form (helluva, hella).

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.idiot_evaluative_only : idiot.constructions = [Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.evaluative]

idiot appears only in evaluative BNPs.

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.beast_no_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive beast.constructions = false

beast has no pseudo-partitive (typical for animate N₁ nouns).

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.snake_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive snake.constructions = true

snake is an exceptional animate noun with pseudo-partitive attestations.

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.cake_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive cake.constructions = true

All inanimate N₁ nouns develop pseudo-partitive readings.

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.nub_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive nub.constructions = true

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.breeze_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive breeze.constructions = true

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.husk_pseudopartitive : List.elem Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive husk.constructions = true

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.english_pseudopartitive_matches_spanish : Core.Lexical.Binominal.BinominalType.pseudoPartitive.toOfBinominalType = Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive ∧ Core.Lexical.Binominal.BinominalType.quantificational.toOfBinominalType = Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.pseudoPartitive

English pseudo-partitive N₁ nouns correspond to Spanish pseudo-partitive/quantificational binominals.

theorem Fragments.English.Binominals.english_evaluative_matches_spanish : Core.Lexical.Binominal.BinominalType.qualitative.toOfBinominalType = Core.Lexical.Binominal.OfBinominalType.evaluative

English evaluative BNPs correspond to Spanish qualitative binominals.