Extended Projection Principle (EPP)

The EPP requires Spec,TP to be filled. Cross-linguistically, languages differ in how this requirement is satisfied, yielding different basic word orders from the same underlying vP-internal structure.

Strategies

• Subject raising (English, French): DP subject raises from Spec,vP to Spec,TP → SVO
• VP raising (Toba Batak, Malagasy): VP/predicate phrase raises to Spec,TP → VOS
• Expletive (English there, French il): expletive inserted in Spec,TP, subject stays low → existential constructions
• None (one analysis of Irish/Arabic VSO): Spec,TP unfilled, T attracts the verb but not a phrasal specifier → VSO

inductive Minimalism.EPPStrategy : Type

What satisfies the EPP (requirement to fill Spec,TP).

• subjectRaising : EPPStrategy

  Subject DP raises to Spec,TP (English, French, etc.).

• vpRaising : EPPStrategy

  VP/predicate phrase raises to Spec,TP (Toba Batak VOS, Malagasy VOS).

• expletive : EPPStrategy

  Expletive inserted in Spec,TP (English there, French il).

• none : EPPStrategy

  No EPP — verb-initial order persists (one analysis of Irish/Arabic VSO).

def Minimalism.instReprEPPStrategy.repr : EPPStrategy → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

instance Minimalism.instReprEPPStrategy : Repr EPPStrategy

Equations

• Minimalism.instReprEPPStrategy = { reprPrec := Minimalism.instReprEPPStrategy.repr }

instance Minimalism.instDecidableEqEPPStrategy : DecidableEq EPPStrategy

Equations

• Minimalism.instDecidableEqEPPStrategy x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

instance Minimalism.instBEqEPPStrategy : BEq EPPStrategy

Equations

• Minimalism.instBEqEPPStrategy = { beq := Minimalism.instBEqEPPStrategy.beq }

def Minimalism.instBEqEPPStrategy.beq : EPPStrategy → EPPStrategy → Bool

Equations

• Minimalism.instBEqEPPStrategy.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

structure Minimalism.WordOrderParameter : Type

Word-order parameter: EPP strategy and predicted basic order.

• language : String
• eppStrategy : EPPStrategy
• predictedOrder : String

def Minimalism.english_wo : WordOrderParameter

Equations

• Minimalism.english_wo = { language := "English", eppStrategy := Minimalism.EPPStrategy.subjectRaising, predictedOrder := "SVO" }

def Minimalism.tobaBatak_wo : WordOrderParameter

Equations

• Minimalism.tobaBatak_wo = { language := "Toba Batak", eppStrategy := Minimalism.EPPStrategy.vpRaising, predictedOrder := "VOS" }

def Minimalism.irish_wo : WordOrderParameter

Equations

• Minimalism.irish_wo = { language := "Irish", eppStrategy := Minimalism.EPPStrategy.none, predictedOrder := "VSO" }