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Linglib.Theories.Syntax.CCG.Formal.GenerativeCapacity

Mapping from CCG categories to abstract symbols.

For the cross-serial pattern:

  • NP maps to 'a' or 'b' (arguments)
  • V maps to 'c' or 'd' (verbs)
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    A CCG derivation annotated with surface words.

    Used here for the generative capacity proof; the full AnnotatedDerivation with binding information is in the bridge file Phenomena.FillerGap.CCG_CrossSerialBridge.

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        Simple annotated derivation for "Jan Piet zag zwemmen".

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          A CCG derivation for 2-fold cross-serial dependencies yields a string of length 2 * 2 = 4 (the "Jan Piet zag zwemmen" pattern).

          The derivation structure (via B² composition) ensures that:

          • 2 NPs yield the argument positions
          • 2 Vs yield the verb positions
          • The composition threads arguments through verbs correctly

          The language of CCG derivations for cross-serial dependencies includes {aⁿbⁿcⁿdⁿ}.

          More precisely: for each n, there exists a CCG derivation whose yield corresponds to aⁿbⁿcⁿdⁿ.

          CCG is strictly more expressive than CFG.

          1. CCG generates {aⁿbⁿcⁿdⁿ} (via generalized composition)
          2. {aⁿbⁿcⁿdⁿ} lacks the CFL pumping property (hence is not context-free)
          3. Therefore: CCG can generate languages that CFG cannot

          CCG strictly exceeds context-free power: it generates {aⁿbⁿcⁿdⁿ}, which is not context-free.