Documentation

Linglib.Theories.Semantics.Modality.Kratzer

The intersection of a set of propositions: worlds satisfying ALL.

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    A proposition p follows from a set A iff ∩A ⊆ p (Kratzer p. 31)

    In other words: every world satisfying all of A also satisfies p.

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      A proposition p is compatible with A iff A ∪ {p} is consistent (Kratzer p. 31)

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        @[reducible, inline]

        A conversational background maps worlds to sets of propositions.

        This is Kratzer's key innovation: the modal base and ordering source are both conversational backgrounds, but play different roles.

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          @[reducible, inline]

          The modal base: determines which worlds are accessible.

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            @[reducible, inline]

            The ordering source: determines how accessible worlds are ranked.

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              A conversational background is realistic iff for all w: w ∈ ∩f(w).

              This means the actual world satisfies all propositions in the modal base. Kratzer (p. 32): "For each world, there is a particular body of facts in w that has a counterpart in each world in ∩f(w)."

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                A conversational background is totally realistic iff for all w: ∩f(w) = {w}.

                This is the strongest form: only the actual world is accessible. Kratzer (p. 33): "A totally realistic conversational background is a function f such that for any world w, ∩f(w) = {w}."

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                  The empty conversational background: f(w) = ∅ for all w.

                  Kratzer (p. 33): "The empty conversational background is the function f such that for any w ∈ W, f(w) = ∅. Since ∩f(w) = W if f(w) = ∅, empty conversational backgrounds are also realistic."

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                    The set of propositions from A that world w satisfies.

                    This is {p ∈ A : w ∈ p} in Kratzer's notation.

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                      Kratzer's ordering relation: w ≤_A z

                      Definition (p. 39): "For all worlds w and z ∈ W: w ≤_A z iff {p: p ∈ A and z ∈ p} ⊆ {p: p ∈ A and w ∈ p}"

                      Intuitively: w is at least as good as z (w.r.t. ideal A) iff every ideal proposition that z satisfies, w also satisfies.

                      Note: This is the CORRECT definition using subset inclusion, NOT counting (which would be incorrect).

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                          Strict ordering: w <_A z iff w ≤_A z but not z ≤_A w.

                          This means w satisfies strictly more ideal propositions than z.

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                              Kratzer's world ordering as a SatisfactionOrdering.

                              A world w satisfies proposition p iff p(w) = true. This connects Kratzer semantics to the generic ordering framework.

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                                Kratzer's ordering matches the generic framework.

                                This theorem establishes that atLeastAsGoodAs is exactly the generic SatisfactionOrdering.atLeastAsGood for worlds.

                                Transitivity via generic framework.

                                Kratzer's ordering as a mathlib Preorder.

                                Derived from the generic SatisfactionOrdering.toPreorder.

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                                  Theorem 2: Empty ordering makes all worlds equivalent.

                                  If A = ∅, then for all w, z: w ≤_A z and z ≤_A w.

                                  Proof: The set of propositions in ∅ satisfied by any world is ∅. Vacuously, ∅ ⊆ ∅. ∎

                                  Kratzer's extension: List-based version for the finite World type.

                                  This is propIntersection renamed for clarity.

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                                    Kratzer's intension: Filter propositions true at all given worlds.

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                                      The set of worlds accessible from w given modal base f.

                                      These are exactly the worlds in ∩f(w) - worlds compatible with all facts in f(w).

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                                        Accessibility predicate: w' is accessible from w iff w' ∈ ∩f(w).

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                                          The best worlds among accessible worlds, according to ordering source g.

                                          These are the accessible worlds that are maximal under ≤{g(w)}: worlds w' such that for all accessible w'', w' ≤{g(w)} w''.

                                          When g(w) = ∅, all accessible worlds are best (by Theorem 2).

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                                            Theorem 3: Empty ordering source reduces to simple accessibility.

                                            When g(w) = ∅, bestWorlds = accessibleWorlds.

                                            Variant of empty_ordering_simple matching emptyBackground by name. Avoids the unfold emptyBackground workaround needed before rw [empty_ordering_simple].

                                            The best worlds among a given set, ranked by an ordering. Unlike bestWorlds which computes accessible worlds from a modal base, bestAmong takes a precomputed world list. This is needed when the domain has already been restricted (e.g., by promoted priorities in @cite{rubinstein-2014}'s favored worlds).

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                                              With empty ordering, all worlds are best (Kratzer's theorem 2).

                                              bestAmong is a subset of the input worlds.

                                              Simple f-necessity (Kratzer p. 32): p is true at ALL accessible worlds.

                                              ⟦must⟧_f(p)(w) = ∀w' ∈ ∩f(w). p(w')

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                                                Simple f-possibility (Kratzer p. 32): p is true at SOME accessible world.

                                                ⟦can⟧_f(p)(w) = ∃w' ∈ ∩f(w). p(w')

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                                                  Necessity with ordering (Kratzer p. 40): p is true at ALL best worlds.

                                                  ⟦must⟧_{f,g}(p)(w) = ∀w' ∈ Best(f,g,w). p(w')

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                                                    Possibility with ordering: p is true at SOME best world.

                                                    ⟦can⟧_{f,g}(p)(w) = ∃w' ∈ Best(f,g,w). p(w')

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                                                      Theorem: Modal duality holds.

                                                      □p ↔ ¬◇¬p

                                                      Theorem 4: Totally realistic base gives T axiom.

                                                      If f is totally realistic (∩f(w) = {w}), then □p → p.

                                                      Theorem 5: Realistic base gives reflexive accessibility.

                                                      If f is realistic (w ∈ ∩f(w) for all w), then the evaluation world is always accessible from itself.

                                                      Theorem 6: Empty modal base gives universal accessibility.

                                                      If f(w) = ∅ for all w, then ∩f(w) = W (all worlds accessible).

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                                                            D Axiom (Seriality): □p → ◇p

                                                            p is at least as good a possibility as q in w with respect to f and g.

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                                                              Epistemic modality: what is known/believed.

                                                              • Modal base: evidence/knowledge
                                                              • Ordering source: empty (or stereotypical for "probably")
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                                                                Deontic modality: what is required/permitted by norms.

                                                                • Modal base: circumstances
                                                                • Ordering source: laws/norms
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                                                                  Bouletic modality: what is wanted/desired.

                                                                  • Modal base: circumstances
                                                                  • Ordering source: desires
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                                                                    Teleological modality: what leads to goals.

                                                                    • Modal base: circumstances
                                                                    • Ordering source: goals
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                                                                      Flavor Tags #

                                                                      Each flavor structure maps to the theory-neutral ModalFlavor enum from Core.ModalLogic, bridging Kratzer's parameterized semantics to the typological meaning space (Imel, Guo, & @cite{imel-guo-steinert-threlkeld-2026}).

                                                                      Teleological modality maps to the circumstantial flavor tag (teleological is subsumed under circumstantial in the 2×3 space).

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                                                                        Theorem: K Axiom (Distribution) holds.

                                                                        □(p → q) → (□p → □q)

                                                                        Conditionals as modal base restrictors.

                                                                        "If α, (must) β" = must_f+α β

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                                                                          Extract KratzerParams from an epistemic flavor structure.

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                                                                            Extract KratzerParams from a deontic flavor structure.

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                                                                              Extract KratzerParams from a bouletic flavor structure.

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                                                                                Extract KratzerParams from a teleological flavor structure.

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