An information state is a set of (assignment, witness) pairs.
This represents the current state of the discourse: all ways the conversation could be going given what's been said.
Using abbrev makes this a transparent alias so all Set instances apply directly.
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The trivial state: all possibilities
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The absurd state: no possibilities
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Restrict state to pairs where formula is satisfied
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- s.restrict M φ = {p : Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.Assignment E × Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.WitnessSeq E | p ∈ s ∧ Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.Formula.sat M p.1 p.2 φ}
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The content of a formula: set of (g, ê) pairs where φ is satisfied.
⟦φ⟧^M = { (g, ê) | M, g, ê ⊨ φ }
This is the "static" meaning - what information φ conveys.
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PLA Possibility type: (assignment, witness sequence) pairs.
This instantiates the generic Core.CCP framework for PLA.
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PLA satisfaction relation: possibility satisfies formula.
This bridges PLA to the Core.CCP infrastructure, matching the signature
P → φ → Prop expected by Core.updateFromSat.
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- Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.satisfiesPLA M p φ = Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.Formula.sat M p.1 p.2 φ
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PLA satisfaction as a predicate on possibilities (curried version).
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An update is a Context Change Potential over PLA possibilities.
We inherit the Monoid structure from Core.CCP:
- Identity:
Core.CCP.id(leaves state unchanged) - Composition:
Core.CCP.seq(do u, then v), notation; - Associativity: guaranteed by the Monoid laws
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Identity update: leaves state unchanged (from Core.CCP)
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Absurd update: always yields empty state (from Core.CCP)
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Theorem 3.1 (contents-updates equivalence).
The update of φ is intersection with the content of φ:
⟦φ⟧(s) = s ∩ ⟦φ⟧^M
This shows Contents and Updates are equivalent perspectives.
A state supports a formula iff the formula is satisfied throughout the state.
s ⊨ φ iff ∀(g, ê) ∈ s, M, g, ê ⊨ φ
This is the evidential perspective: the speaker's evidence supports φ.
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- (s ⊫[M] φ) = ∀ p ∈ s, Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.Formula.sat M p.1 p.2 φ
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Theorem 3.2 (updates-support equivalence).
A state supports φ iff updating with φ leaves it unchanged:
s ⊫[M] φ ↔ ⟦φ⟧(s) = s
This shows Updates and Support are equivalent perspectives.
Dynamic conjunction (Observation 4): sequential update, φ then ψ.
Non-commutative: "A man came. He sat down." ≠ "He sat down. A man came." Non-idempotent: ∃x.φ; ∃x.φ ≠ ∃x.φ (may introduce different witnesses).
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Observation 5: existentials are not idempotent.
"A man came. A man sat down." - may be different men. Each ∃x.φ independently chooses a witness.
Observation 6: ¬¬φ ≢ φ for dref-introducing φ.
"It's not the case that no man came. He sat down." - "He" is problematic. Negation "traps" drefs: ∃x.P(x) exports x, but ¬¬∃x.P(x) only tests existence. This motivates bilateral semantics (BUS), where DNE holds structurally.
Updating with a tautology leaves state unchanged
Updating with a contradiction yields empty state
Eliminativity: updates never add possibilities, only remove them.
This is the fundamental property of dynamic semantics: information only grows. Every update is a subset of the input state.
This follows from Core.updateFromSat_eliminative.
PLA's formula update is eliminative in the Core sense.
Support is downward closed: if t ⊆ s and s supports φ, then t supports φ.
Smaller states have "more information" (fewer possibilities = more certainty).
Only ∃ introduces discourse referents.
Same content implies same update.
Dynamic entailment: φ dynamically entails ψ if updating with φ always yields a state that supports ψ.
This is the fundamental semantic consequence relation for dynamic semantics.
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- (φ ⊨[M]_dyn ψ) = ∀ (s : Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.InfoState E), Semantics.Dynamic.PLA.Formula.update M φ s ⊫[M] ψ
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Chaining dynamic entailment: if φ ⊨_dyn ψ and ψ ⊨_dyn χ, then φ ⊨_dyn χ.
Note: This holds because update is eliminative - if φ entails ψ, then updating with φ produces a state that supports ψ, and since that state is a subset of the original, it also supports χ if ψ ⊨_dyn χ.