Negation preserves context consistency.
Standard disjunction without cross-disjunct anaphora.
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Bathroom disjunction: ψ evaluated in context where φ failed, enabling cross-disjunct anaphora.
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Alternative formulation making the sequencing clearer.
The second disjunct "sees" the context where the first disjunct failed.
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Conditional: if φ then ψ.
In the bathroom analysis, conditionals work similarly: "If there's a bathroom, it's upstairs."
The antecedent introduces drefs accessible in the consequent.
⟦φ → ψ⟧^+ = ⟦φ⟧^- ∪ (⟦φ⟧^+ ∩ ⟦ψ⟧^+) ⟦φ → ψ⟧^- = ⟦φ⟧^+ ∩ ⟦ψ⟧^-
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Material conditional equivalence: φ → ψ ≡ ¬φ ∨ ψ
Using bathroom disjunction, this gives anaphora from antecedent to consequent.
Note: This equivalence requires that ψ's positive update is a subsetting operation (i.e., ψ.positive c' ⊆ c' for any context c'). This is standard in dynamic semantics where updates can only eliminate possibilities, not add them.
De Morgan: ¬(φ ∧ ψ) ≡ ¬φ ∨ ¬ψ
In bilateral semantics, this holds because:
- Negation swaps positive/negative
- Conjunction sequences, disjunction chooses
Wide-scope existential: ∃x.(φ ∨ ψ)
The variable x is introduced before the disjunction, so it's accessible in both disjuncts.
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- Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.existsWideDisj p v domain φ ψ = Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.exists_ p v domain (φ.disjBathroom ψ)
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Narrow-scope existential in first disjunct: (∃x.φ) ∨ ψ
With bathroom disjunction, x introduced in ∃x.φ is accessible in ψ because ψ is evaluated in the negative of ∃x.φ, which still introduces x.
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- Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.existsNarrowFirstDisj p v domain φ ψ = (Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.exists_ p v domain φ).disjBathroom ψ
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Universal quantifier via de Morgan: ∀x.φ ≡ ¬∃x.¬φ
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- Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.forall_ p v domain φ = ∼(Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.BilateralICDRT.exists_ p v domain ∼φ)
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Donkey conditional: "If a farmer owns a donkey, he beats it."
In Hofmann's flat update:
- "a farmer" introduces dref f
- "a donkey" introduces dref d
- These are accessible in the consequent via propositional drefs
Structure: ∃f.∃d.(owns(f,d) → beats(f,d))
The indefinites take widest scope (flat), but propositional drefs track that they're introduced in the antecedent context.
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The classic bathroom sentence: "Either there's no bathroom, or it's upstairs."
Analysis:
- First disjunct: ¬∃x.bathroom(x)
- Second disjunct: upstairs(x)
- Bathroom disjunction: x from ¬∃ is accessible in second disjunct
The negative of ∃x.bathroom(x) still introduces x (flatly), but with local context where bathroom(x) is false.
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More detailed bathroom sentence with proper variable reference.
In full ICDRT, "it" in the second disjunct looks up variable v, and the propositional dref p tracks where v has a referent.
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