Relative variable update: i[φ : v]j
Given propositional dref φ (the local context) and individual variable v, assignment j is a "φ-v extension" of assignment i iff:
- j agrees with i on all propositional variables
- j agrees with i on all individual variables except possibly v
- j(v) is some entity e such that e exists in all worlds of φ^j
In Hofmann's notation (Definition 1, p.11): i[φ : v]j iff ∃e: j = i[v ↦ e] and j(v) ∈ DOM_e(φ^j) where DOM_e(p) = { e | ∀w ∈ p: e ≠ ⋆ }
Note: j(v) must be a real entity (not ⋆) that exists throughout φ^j.
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Alternative formulation: the entity domain in a local context.
DOM_e(p) = { e | e is defined throughout p }
For individual drefs that map to ⋆ in some worlds of p, those drefs are not in the entity domain of p.
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- Semantics.Dynamic.IntensionalCDRT.entityDomain p dref = {e : E | ∀ w ∈ p, dref w = Semantics.Dynamic.Core.Entity.some e}
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Relative variable update with existential witness made explicit.
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Flat existential update: ∃v.φ
The existential introduces v globally, but the propositional dref tracks the local context.
In Hofmann's system: ⟦∃v.φ⟧^+ c = { (j, w) | ∃i: (i,w) ∈ c and i[p:v]j and (j,w) ∈ ⟦φ⟧^+ }
where p is a fresh propositional variable that will track the local context where v has a referent.
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Flat existential with explicit entity quantification.
This version makes clear that we quantify over entities e, extend the assignment, and track the local context.
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Extend context with random assignment for variable v.
Unlike standard randomAssign, this:
- Only assigns real entities (not ⋆)
- Tracks assignments in all worlds (flat)
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Extend context and track local context in propositional variable.
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Update context with proposition, yielding local context.
The local context is the set of worlds where the proposition holds.
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Update relative to a propositional dref (local context).
⟦φ⟧_p evaluates φ in the local context p, not the global context.
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Initialize propositional dref to the current context's worlds.
When introducing an existential, the propositional dref is set to the current local context (worlds where the indefinite is introduced).
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Narrow propositional dref after update.
When updating with a proposition, propositional drefs that track local contexts should be narrowed accordingly.
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Bilateral ICDRT denotation: positive and negative updates.
Following Hofmann's bilateral approach (building on Elliott & Sudo):
- Positive update: what survives assertion
- Negative update: what survives denial
The key property: negation swaps positive and negative.
Positive update (assertion)
Negative update (denial)
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Negation: swap positive and negative
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Double negation elimination (definitional).
Atomic proposition
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Conjunction: sequence positive updates
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Notation
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Flat existential with bilateral structure.
The existential introduces drefs in both positive and negative updates. This is what makes double negation accessible:
⟦¬¬∃x.P(x)⟧^+ = ⟦∃x.P(x)⟧^+ (by DNE)
The dref x introduced in the inner scope is accessible in the outer scope because flat update introduces it globally.
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