structure NeoGricean.Markedness.Morphology : Type

Morphological structure of an adjective form.

Tracks properties relevant to markedness computation:

• Morpheme count (un-happy = 2, happy = 1)
• Presence of negative prefix (un-, in-, dis-)
• Derivational complexity

• form : String

  The surface form

• morphemeCount : ℕ

  Number of morphemes

• hasNegativePrefix : Bool

  Has a negative prefix (un-, in-, dis-, etc.)

• isDerived : Bool

  Is derived from the antonym (e.g., "unhappy" from "happy")

def NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprMorphology.repr : Morphology → ℕ → Std.Format

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instance NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprMorphology : Repr Morphology

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprMorphology = { reprPrec := NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprMorphology.repr }

def NeoGricean.Markedness.instDecidableEqMorphology.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : Morphology) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

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instance NeoGricean.Markedness.instDecidableEqMorphology : DecidableEq Morphology

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.instDecidableEqMorphology = NeoGricean.Markedness.instDecidableEqMorphology.decEq

def NeoGricean.Markedness.instBEqMorphology.beq : Morphology → Morphology → Bool

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.instBEqMorphology.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

instance NeoGricean.Markedness.instBEqMorphology : BEq Morphology

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.instBEqMorphology = { beq := NeoGricean.Markedness.instBEqMorphology.beq }

def NeoGricean.Markedness.simpleMorphology (form : String) : Morphology

Simple morphology for a monomorphemic adjective

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.simpleMorphology form = { form := form, morphemeCount := 1, hasNegativePrefix := false, isDerived := false }

def NeoGricean.Markedness.prefixedMorphology (form : String) (pfx : String := "un") : Morphology

Morphology for a prefixed negative adjective

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.prefixedMorphology form pfx = { form := form, morphemeCount := 2, hasNegativePrefix := true, isDerived := true }

structure NeoGricean.Markedness.GradableAdjWithMorphologyextends Semantics.Lexical.Adjective.GradableAdjEntry : Type

Extended gradable adjective entry with morphological information.

Extends GradableAdjEntry with:

• Morphological structure for markedness computation
• Polarity indicator (positive vs negative pole)

• form : String
• scaleType : Core.Scale.Boundedness
• dimension : Core.Dimension
• antonymForm : Option String
• antonymRelation : Option AntonymRelation
• morphology : Morphology

  Morphological structure

• isPositivePole : Bool

  Is this the positive pole of the scale?

def NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprGradableAdjWithMorphology.repr : GradableAdjWithMorphology → ℕ → Std.Format

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instance NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprGradableAdjWithMorphology : Repr GradableAdjWithMorphology

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprGradableAdjWithMorphology = { reprPrec := NeoGricean.Markedness.instReprGradableAdjWithMorphology.repr }

structure NeoGricean.Markedness.MarkednessCriterion : Type

A markedness criterion computes which member of an antonym pair is marked.

Given two adjective entries (typically an antonym pair), the criterion returns the form that is MARKED (more costly, requiring more justification).

Returns none if the criterion cannot determine markedness (e.g., both have equal morphological complexity).

• name : String

  Name of this criterion

• citation : String

  Academic source

• computeMarked : GradableAdjWithMorphology → GradableAdjWithMorphology → Option String

  Compute which form is marked; returns the marked form

def NeoGricean.Markedness.morphologicalCriterion : MarkednessCriterion

Morphological complexity criterion.

The form with MORE morphemes is marked. This captures cases like un-happy > happy.

From @cite{horn-1984}: "Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference"

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.scaleDirectionCriterion : MarkednessCriterion

Scale direction criterion.

The NEGATIVE pole is marked. This captures cases like short (negative pole) vs tall (positive pole).

From @cite{bierwisch-1989}, @cite{kennedy-2007}

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.negativePrefixCriterion : MarkednessCriterion

Negative prefix criterion.

Forms with negative prefixes (un-, in-, dis-) are marked. This is a specific case of morphological complexity that tracks derivational direction.

From @cite{cruse-1986}

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.defaultCriteria : List MarkednessCriterion

Default priority ordering for markedness criteria.

Following @cite{rett-2015} and @cite{horn-1984}:

1. Morphological complexity (most reliable)
2. Negative prefix (specific morphological indicator)
3. Scale direction (fallback for equal morphology)

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.defaultCriteria = [NeoGricean.Markedness.morphologicalCriterion, NeoGricean.Markedness.negativePrefixCriterion, NeoGricean.Markedness.scaleDirectionCriterion]

def NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarkedWithCriteria (criteria : List MarkednessCriterion) (adj1 adj2 : GradableAdjWithMorphology) : Option String

Compute markedness using a list of criteria in priority order.

Returns the first successful determination.

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarkedWithCriteria criteria adj1 adj2 = List.findSome? (fun (x : NeoGricean.Markedness.MarkednessCriterion) => x.computeMarked adj1 adj2) criteria

def NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarked (adj1 adj2 : GradableAdjWithMorphology) : Option String

Compute markedness using default criteria.

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarked adj1 adj2 = NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarkedWithCriteria NeoGricean.Markedness.defaultCriteria adj1 adj2

def NeoGricean.Markedness.isMarkedForm (form : String) (adj1 adj2 : GradableAdjWithMorphology) : Bool

Check if a specific form is the marked one in a pair.

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.isMarkedForm form adj1 adj2 = (NeoGricean.Markedness.computeMarked adj1 adj2 == some form)

def NeoGricean.Markedness.productionCost (form : String) (adj1 adj2 : GradableAdjWithMorphology) : ℚ

Production cost based on markedness.

Following Horn's Division of Pragmatic Labor:

• Unmarked forms have baseline cost (1)
• Marked forms have higher cost (2)

This cost differential licenses manner implicatures: using the more costly form when a cheaper equivalent exists signals something extra.

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.productionCost form adj1 adj2 = if NeoGricean.Markedness.isMarkedForm form adj1 adj2 = true then 2 else 1

def NeoGricean.Markedness.costDifference : ℚ

Cost difference between marked and unmarked forms.

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• NeoGricean.Markedness.costDifference = 1

def NeoGricean.Markedness.tall_with_morphology : GradableAdjWithMorphology

"tall" with morphology: simple, positive pole

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.short_with_morphology : GradableAdjWithMorphology

"short" with morphology: simple, negative pole

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.happy_with_morphology : GradableAdjWithMorphology

"happy" with morphology: simple, positive pole

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def NeoGricean.Markedness.unhappy_with_morphology : GradableAdjWithMorphology

"unhappy" with morphology: prefixed, negative pole

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theorem NeoGricean.Markedness.morphological_determines_markedness : morphologicalCriterion.computeMarked happy_with_morphology unhappy_with_morphology = some "unhappy"

Morphological complexity determines markedness: more morphemes = marked.

theorem NeoGricean.Markedness.scale_direction_for_equal_morphology : scaleDirectionCriterion.computeMarked tall_with_morphology short_with_morphology = some "short"

Scale direction determines markedness for equal morphology pairs.

theorem NeoGricean.Markedness.default_finds_short_marked : computeMarked tall_with_morphology short_with_morphology = some "short"

Default criteria successfully find "short" as marked in tall/short pair.

theorem NeoGricean.Markedness.default_finds_unhappy_marked : computeMarked happy_with_morphology unhappy_with_morphology = some "unhappy"

Default criteria successfully find "unhappy" as marked in happy/unhappy pair.

theorem NeoGricean.Markedness.marked_costs_more : productionCost "short" tall_with_morphology short_with_morphology > productionCost "tall" tall_with_morphology short_with_morphology

Marked form has higher cost than unmarked.