Siptár & Törkenczy (2000): The Phonology of Hungarian

@cite{siptar-torkenczy-2000} @cite{prince-smolensky-1993} @cite{rose-walker-2011}

End-to-end OT analysis of Hungarian vowel harmony, connecting:

1. Segment features (Features.lean) — Hayes binary feature inventory
2. Harmony system (Harmony.Defs) — trigger/target/transparent predicates
3. OT constraints (Harmony.OT) — SPREAD and IDENT derived from HarmonySystem
4. Tableaux (Core.Logic.OT) — buildTableau + optimal select winner
5. Hungarian fragments (Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony) — concrete vowel segments and hungarianPalatalHarmony

Key results

• ház_back_optimal: SPREAD ≫ IDENT selects back-harmonized suffix for back-vowel stem ház 'house'. The harmonized candidate is the unique winner.
• papír_transparency_optimal: neutral /i/ in papír is transparent — triggerValue finds /a/, and SPREAD ≫ IDENT selects back harmony.
• tűz_front_optimal: front-vowel stem tűz 'fire' → front harmony.
• faithful_wins_reversed: under IDENT ≫ SPREAD, the faithful (no-change) candidate wins — demonstrating ranking-driven typology.
• factorial_two_types: the two constraints yield exactly 2 language types (harmony vs. no harmony) across all rankings.

Architecture

Unlike prior OT study files that use enum candidate types (e.g., CoetzeePater2011), this file uses VHCandidate with real Segment lists directly. This is possible because DecidableEq Segment (via exhaustive feature comparison) enables native_decide on segment-level goals. One type system, no enum wrappers.

def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.spreadDominant : List (Core.OT.NamedConstraint Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate)

SPREAD ≫ IDENT: harmony applies. This is the ranking for Hungarian and other suffix-controlled harmony languages.

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.identDominant : List (Core.OT.NamedConstraint Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate)

IDENT ≫ SPREAD: harmony blocked. This ranking produces a language without vowel harmony (suffixes surface faithfully).

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.ház_faithful : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

Faithful candidate: suffix archiphoneU surfaces unchanged.

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.ház_back : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

Back-harmonized candidate: suffix vowel set to [+back].

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.ház_front : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

Front-harmonized candidate: suffix vowel set to [−back].

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.házCands : List Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.házCands_ne : házCands ≠ []

def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűz_faithful : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűz_back : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűz_front : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűzCands : List Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűzCands_ne : tűzCands ≠ []

def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papír_faithful : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papír_back : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papír_front : Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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def Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papírCands : List Theories.Phonology.Harmony.VHCandidate

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theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papírCands_ne : papírCands ≠ []

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.ház_back_optimal : (Core.OT.buildTableau házCands spreadDominant házCands_ne).optimal = [ház_back]

ház: SPREAD ≫ IDENT selects back-harmonized suffix as unique winner. @cite{siptar-torkenczy-2000} §3.2.2, class IA-b.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.tűz_front_optimal : (Core.OT.buildTableau tűzCands spreadDominant tűzCands_ne).optimal = [tűz_front]

tűz: SPREAD ≫ IDENT selects front-harmonized suffix as unique winner. @cite{siptar-torkenczy-2000} §3.2.2, class IA-f.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papír_transparency_optimal : (Core.OT.buildTableau papírCands spreadDominant papírCands_ne).optimal = [papír_back]

papír: neutral /i/ is transparent — back harmony passes through. SPREAD ≫ IDENT selects back-harmonized suffix, same as ház. @cite{siptar-torkenczy-2000} §3.2.2, class IIB-b.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.faithful_wins_reversed : (Core.OT.buildTableau házCands identDominant házCands_ne).optimal = [ház_faithful]

Under IDENT ≫ SPREAD, the faithful candidate wins — no harmony applies. This is the predicted grammar for a language without vowel harmony.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.factorial_two_types : Core.OT.factorialTypologySize házCands [Theories.Phonology.Harmony.mkSpread Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.hungarianPalatalHarmony, Theories.Phonology.Harmony.mkIdentHarmony Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.hungarianPalatalHarmony] házCands_ne = 2

Two constraints produce exactly 2 distinct language types across all rankings: harmony (SPREAD ≫ IDENT) vs. no harmony (IDENT ≫ SPREAD). This matches the typological prediction: suffix harmony is either present or absent, with no intermediate grammars.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.ház_ot_matches_direct : (Core.OT.buildTableau házCands spreadDominant házCands_ne).optimal = [{ stem := [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.a_vowel], suffixIn := [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.archiphoneU], suffixOut := Theories.Phonology.Harmony.spreadSuffix Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.hungarianPalatalHarmony true [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.archiphoneU] }]

The OT-optimal candidate for ház is identical to the output of spreadSuffix — the direct computation and the OT analysis agree.

theorem Phenomena.VowelHarmony.Studies.SiptarTorkenczy2000.papír_ot_matches_direct : (Core.OT.buildTableau papírCands spreadDominant papírCands_ne).optimal = [{ stem := [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.a_vowel, Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.i_vowel], suffixIn := [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.archiphoneU], suffixOut := Theories.Phonology.Harmony.spreadSuffix Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.hungarianPalatalHarmony true [Fragments.Hungarian.VowelHarmony.archiphoneU] }]

The OT-optimal candidate for papír matches spreadSuffix with the trigger value extracted from the stem. Transparency is derived: triggerValue skips neutral /i/ and finds /a/.