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Cultural variety
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Strength rank (within amplifiers/downtoners separately). Higher = more extreme effect on threshold.
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- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierRank Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.slightly = 1
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierRank Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.kindOf = 2
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierRank Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.quite = 3
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierRank Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.very = 4
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierRank Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.extremely = 5
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All interpretation data
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Downtoners are rated as more polite than amplifiers. This is the key connection to Yoon et al.: hedging = politeness strategy.
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Culture-specific modifier direction. Key finding: "quite" differs across varieties.
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- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierDirection x✝ Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.slightly = Semantics.Degree.ModifierDirection.downtoner
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierDirection x✝ Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.kindOf = Semantics.Degree.ModifierDirection.downtoner
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierDirection x✝ Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.very = Semantics.Degree.ModifierDirection.amplifier
- Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.modifierDirection x✝ Phenomena.Politeness.Studies.MachinoEtAl2025.Modifier.extremely = Semantics.Degree.ModifierDirection.amplifier