structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.ContextualIssue : Type

A context that makes a particular issue salient.

• contextDescription : String

  Description of the context

• implicitQuestion : String

  The implicit question/issue

• allSomeDistinctionRelevant : Bool

  Is the distinction all/some relevant?

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprContextualIssue : Repr ContextualIssue

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprContextualIssue = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprContextualIssue.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprContextualIssue.repr : ContextualIssue → Nat → Std.Format

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.NonMaximalityDatum : Type

Non-maximality datum: same sentence, different construals in different contexts.

• sentence : String

  The sentence

• maximalContext : ContextualIssue

  Context favoring maximal reading

• nonMaximalContext : ContextualIssue

  Context favoring non-maximal reading

• scenario : String

  Scenario description (same for both)

• acceptableInMaximalContext : Bool

  Is sentence acceptable in maximal context?

• acceptableInNonMaximalContext : Bool

  Is sentence acceptable in non-maximal context?

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityDatum : Repr NonMaximalityDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityDatum.repr : NonMaximalityDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesNonMaximality : NonMaximalityDatum

The switches scenario from Križ (2015, 2016).

Context: 10 light switches, potential electrical fire hazard. Scenario: 2 switches are on.

The manipulation concerns what triggers the fire risk:

• Maximal: fire only if all 10 switches are on
• Non-maximal: fire if any switch is on

Source: Križ (2015, 2016), dissertation (11)

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.AllBlocksNonMaxDatum : Type

"All" blocks non-maximality even in permissive contexts.

Source: dissertation (17)

• plainSentence : String

  Sentence without "all"

• allSentence : String

  Sentence with "all"

• context : String

  Context description

• scenario : String

  Scenario

• plainAcceptable : Bool

  Plain acceptable?

• allAcceptable : Bool

  All-sentence acceptable?

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprAllBlocksNonMaxDatum.repr : AllBlocksNonMaxDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprAllBlocksNonMaxDatum : Repr AllBlocksNonMaxDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprAllBlocksNonMaxDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprAllBlocksNonMaxDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesAllBlocks : AllBlocksNonMaxDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.BankRobberyDatum : Type

The bank robbery scenario from @cite{krifka-1996}.

Shows that non-maximal readings can be very fine-grained, not just "existential" weakening.

Context: Bank vault with 4 doors in a configuration. Some doors are parallel paths, others are sequential.

Source: @cite{krifka-1996}, dissertation (16), Figure 2.1

• sentence : String

  The sentence

• doorConfiguration : String

  Door configuration description

• openDoors : List Nat

  Which doors are open

• closedDoors : List Nat

  Which doors are closed

• pathAvailable : Bool

  Is a path to the safe available?

• acceptable : Bool

  Is the sentence acceptable?

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprBankRobberyDatum : Repr BankRobberyDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprBankRobberyDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprBankRobberyDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprBankRobberyDatum.repr : BankRobberyDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyConfigA_AllOpen : BankRobberyDatum

Configuration A: Doors 1,2 parallel, doors 3,4 parallel, must pass one from each pair.

Path exists if: (door 1 OR door 2) AND (door 3 OR door 4) open.

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyConfigA_Door4Closed : BankRobberyDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyConfigA_Door2Closed : BankRobberyDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyConfigB_AllOpen : BankRobberyDatum

Configuration B: All 4 doors in sequence (must pass all).

Path exists only if all doors are open.

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyConfigB_Door4Closed : BankRobberyDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.StructuredNonMaxDatum : Type

The problem sets example (Križ 2015, attributed to Spector).

Shows that non-maximal readings cannot convey arbitrary information.

Context: Course with two paths to pass:

1. Do all problem sets, or
2. Do half problem sets and write essay

"He did the problem sets" should not be able to mean "He did what was necessary (via either path)".

Source: Križ (2015:85), dissertation (75)

• sentence : String

  The sentence

• context : String

  Context description

• issue : String

  What is the issue?

• nonMaxFitsIssue : Bool

  Does the non-maximal reading fit the issue?

• nonMaxAvailable : Bool

  Is the non-maximal reading available?

• explanation : String

  Why or why not?

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStructuredNonMaxDatum.repr : StructuredNonMaxDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStructuredNonMaxDatum : Repr StructuredNonMaxDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStructuredNonMaxDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStructuredNonMaxDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.problemSetsExample : StructuredNonMaxDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.TruthDistinctionDatum : Type

Distinction between semantic truth and pragmatic truth (p-truth).

• Semantic truth: literal, compositional meaning
• P-truth: "true enough" given the contextual issue

Source: Križ (2015, 2016)

• sentence : String

  The sentence

• context : String

  Context

• scenario : String

  Scenario

• semanticallyTrue : Bool

  Semantically true?

• pTrue : Bool

  P-true in context?

• issue : String

  Issue

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprTruthDistinctionDatum : Repr TruthDistinctionDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprTruthDistinctionDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprTruthDistinctionDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprTruthDistinctionDatum.repr : TruthDistinctionDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesTruthDistinction_Maximal : TruthDistinctionDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesTruthDistinction_NonMax : TruthDistinctionDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.StrongRelevanceDatum : Type

Strong relevance: a proposition "perfectly fits" an issue.

A proposition p is strongly relevant to issue I iff p is expressible as a disjunction of a proper subset of I's partition cells.

Source: Križ & @cite{kriz-spector-2021}

• proposition : String

  The proposition (informal)

• issue : String

  The issue (informal)

• stronglyRelevant : Bool

  Is proposition strongly relevant?

• explanation : String

  Why or why not?

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStrongRelevanceDatum : Repr StrongRelevanceDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStrongRelevanceDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStrongRelevanceDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprStrongRelevanceDatum.repr : StrongRelevanceDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.stronglyRelevantExample : StrongRelevanceDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.notStronglyRelevantExample : StrongRelevanceDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.existentialStronglyRelevant : StrongRelevanceDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.DevelopmentalDatum : Type

Homogeneity acquisition in plural definites.

Children show sensitivity to homogeneity gaps, preferring existential interpretations over universal ones for plural definites.

Source: @cite{tieu-kriz-chemla-2019}

• ageGroup : String

  Age group

• construction : String

  Construction

• finding : String

  Finding

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprDevelopmentalDatum.repr : DevelopmentalDatum → Nat → Std.Format

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instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprDevelopmentalDatum : Repr DevelopmentalDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprDevelopmentalDatum = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprDevelopmentalDatum.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.tieuKrizChemlaFinding : DevelopmentalDatum

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structure Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.NonMaximalityGeneralizations : Type

Core empirical generalizations about non-maximality.

• issueSensitive : Bool

  Non-max readings are issue-sensitive

• requiresIrrelevantDistinction : Bool

  Non-max readings require some/all distinction to be irrelevant

• allBlocksNonMax : Bool

  "All" blocks non-maximality

• structured : Bool

  Non-max readings are "structured" (can't add arbitrary content)

• fineGrainedPossible : Bool

  Fine-grained non-max readings possible (not just existential)

• conjunctionsResist : Bool

  Conjunctions resist non-max despite having gaps

instance Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityGeneralizations : Repr NonMaximalityGeneralizations

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityGeneralizations = { reprPrec := Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityGeneralizations.repr }

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.instReprNonMaximalityGeneralizations.repr : NonMaximalityGeneralizations → Nat → Std.Format

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.mainGeneralizations : NonMaximalityGeneralizations

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.canonicalExamples : List NonMaximalityDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.canonicalExamples = [Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesNonMaximality]

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.bankRobberyExamples : List BankRobberyDatum

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def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.truthDistinctionExamples : List TruthDistinctionDatum

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• Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.truthDistinctionExamples = [Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesTruthDistinction_Maximal, Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.switchesTruthDistinction_NonMax]

def Phenomena.Plurals.NonMaximality.strongRelevanceExamples : List StrongRelevanceDatum

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