Documentation

Linglib.Phenomena.Morphology.Studies.Bybee1985

Degree Morphology Composition: Phenomena #

@cite{bybee-1985} @cite{horn-1972} @cite{kennedy-2007}

Empirical tests for the degree morphology pipeline, verifying that adjective stems produce correct comparative and superlative forms and that Horn scale generation works correctly.

Coverage #

  1. Regular comparatives: tall → taller, tallest
  2. Irregular comparatives: good → better, best
  3. Periphrastic: expensive → "more expensive", "most expensive"
  4. Non-gradable: dead, pregnant — empty degree paradigms
  5. Scale generation: tall produces 3-point scale [tall, taller, tallest]
  6. Morphological alternatives: correct alternatives for each form
  7. Bybee bridge: .degree has correct relevance rank
  8. Vacuity: all degree rules are semantically vacuous
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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "taller"

Regular comparative: "tall" → "taller"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_superlative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝¹.paradigm.tail.head? = some "tallest"

Regular superlative: "tall" → "tallest"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.hot_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.hotStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.hotStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "hotter"

Regular comparative: "hot" → "hotter"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.cold_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.coldStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.coldStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "colder"

Regular comparative: "cold" → "colder"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "better"

Irregular comparative: "good" → "better" (not *"gooder")

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_superlative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝¹.paradigm.tail.head? = some "best"

Irregular superlative: "good" → "best" (not *"goodest")

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.bad_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.badStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.badStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "worse"

Irregular comparative: "bad" → "worse"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.bad_superlative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.badStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.badStem✝¹.paradigm.tail.head? = some "worst"

Irregular superlative: "bad" → "worst"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensive_comparative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝¹.paradigm.head? = some "more expensive"

Periphrastic comparative: "expensive" → "more expensive"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensive_superlative_form :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.formRule Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝.lemma_) Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝¹.paradigm.tail.head? = some "most expensive"

Periphrastic superlative: "expensive" → "most expensive"

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.dead_no_degree_paradigm :
Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.deadStem✝.paradigm.length = 0

"dead" has no comparative/superlative paradigm.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.pregnant_no_degree_paradigm :
Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.pregnantStem✝.paradigm.length = 0

"pregnant" has no comparative/superlative paradigm.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_scale_exists :
(Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝).isSome = true

Scale generation produces a 3-point scale for "tall".

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_scale_members :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.MorphScale) => x.toHornScale.members) (Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝) = some ["tall", "taller", "tallest"]

The tall scale has the correct members: [tall, taller, tallest].

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_scale_members :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.MorphScale) => x.toHornScale.members) (Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝) = some ["good", "better", "best"]

The good scale has the correct irregular members: [good, better, best].

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensive_scale_members :
Option.map (fun (x : Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.MorphScale) => x.toHornScale.members) (Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝) = some ["expensive", "more expensive", "most expensive"]

The expensive scale has periphrastic forms.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.dead_no_scale :
(Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.deadStem✝).isNone = true

Non-gradable adjectives produce no scale.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.pregnant_no_scale :
(Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.adjectiveScale Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.pregnantStem✝).isNone = true
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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_alternatives :
Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.morphologicalAlternatives Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝ "tall" = ["taller", "tallest"]

"tall" has alternatives ["taller", "tallest"].

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.taller_alternatives :
Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.morphologicalAlternatives Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝ "taller" = ["tall", "tallest"]

"taller" has alternatives ["tall", "tallest"].

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallest_alternatives :
Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.morphologicalAlternatives Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝ "tallest" = ["tall", "taller"]

"tallest" has alternatives ["tall", "taller"].

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.dead_no_alternatives :
Core.Morphology.ScaleFromParadigm.morphologicalAlternatives Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.deadStem✝ "dead" = []

"dead" has no alternatives (no degree paradigm).

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.degree_relevance_rank :
Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.degree.relevanceRank = 5

.degree has relevance rank 5, same as .tense.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.degree_same_rank_as_tense :
Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.degree.relevanceRank = Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.tense.relevanceRank

.degree shares rank with .tense: both compositionally modify their head's interpretation (degree on adjectives, tense on verbs).

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.degree_more_relevant_than_agreement :
Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.degree.relevanceRank < Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.agreement.relevanceRank

.degree is more relevant (lower rank) than .agreement.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_all_vacuous :
(Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝.paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.isVacuous) = true

All degree rules in the tall paradigm are semantically vacuous.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_all_vacuous :
(Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝.paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.isVacuous) = true

All degree rules in the good paradigm are semantically vacuous.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensive_all_vacuous :
(Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.expensiveStem✝.paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.isVacuous) = true

All degree rules in the expensive paradigm are semantically vacuous.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.allAdjs_degree_vacuous :
(Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.allEntries.all fun (a : Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.AdjModifierEntry) => (a.toStem Unit).paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.isVacuous) = true

The vacuity theorem generalizes: all adjective entries with degree paradigms have vacuous rules.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_two_rules :
Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝.paradigm.length = 2

Gradable adjectives with both comp and super get exactly 2 rules.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_two_rules :
Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝.paradigm.length = 2

Gradable adjectives with both comp and super get exactly 2 rules.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.allEntries_toStem_lemma :
List.map (fun (a : Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.AdjModifierEntry) => (a.toStem Unit).lemma_) Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.allEntries = List.map (fun (x : Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.AdjModifierEntry) => x.form) Fragments.English.Modifiers.Adjectives.allEntries

Every adjective entry can be converted to a stem.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tall_all_degree_category :
(Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.tallStem✝.paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.category == Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.degree) = true

Degree paradigm rules all have category =.degree.

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theorem Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.good_all_degree_category :
(Phenomena.Morphology.DegreeCompositionBridge.goodStem✝.paradigm.all fun (x : Core.Morphology.MorphRule Unit) => x.category == Core.Morphology.MorphCategory.degree) = true