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Linglib.Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995

Resultative — Small Clause Bridge #

@cite{dendikken-1995} @cite{goldberg-jackendoff-2004}@cite{dendikken-1995}: resultative constructions instantiate SC predication with an adjectival or prepositional predicate:

"They hammered the metal flat" → V [SC DP AP]
"She kicked the ball into the field" → V [SC DP PP]

The result-state XP (AP or PP) is the SC predicate; the direct object DP is the SC subject to which the property/path is ascribed.

Resultative types as SC predicate categories #

@cite{goldberg-jackendoff-2004} five-way resultative typology maps onto SC predicate categories:

Resultative typeSC predExample
causativePropertyA"hammer the metal flat"
causativePathP"kick the ball into the field"
noncausativePropertyA"the river froze solid"
noncausativePathP"the ball rolled into the field"
fakeReflexiveA"She laughed herself silly"

Cross-references #

§1. Resultative types → SC predicate categories #

Property resultatives have AP predicates; path resultatives have PP predicates. Both are SC predication structures.

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def Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.resToSCPred :
ResultativeType → Minimalism.SCPredCategory

Map resultative type to SC predicate category. Property resultatives → A (adjective phrase as SC predicate). Path resultatives → P (prepositional phrase as SC predicate). Fake reflexive → A (reflexive is the SC subject, AP is predicate).

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    def Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.ResultativeType.hasCausativeAgent :
    ResultativeType → Bool

    Whether a resultative type involves a causative agent.

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      §2. Verification: categorization covers all types #

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      theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.all_types_categorized :
      resToSCPred ResultativeType.causativeProperty = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.causativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.noncausativeProperty = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.noncausativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.fakeReflexive = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A

      All five resultative types map to either A or P.

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      theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.property_resultatives_are_A :
      resToSCPred ResultativeType.causativeProperty = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.noncausativeProperty = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.fakeReflexive = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A

      Property resultatives all have SC predicate category A.

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      theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.path_resultatives_are_P :
      resToSCPred ResultativeType.causativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.noncausativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P

      Path resultatives all have SC predicate category P.

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      theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.resultative_cats_are_A_or_P (rt : ResultativeType) :
      resToSCPred rt = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A ∨ resToSCPred rt = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P

      Resultative SC predicates are always A or P.

      §3. SC construction from resultative data #

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      def Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.datumToSC (d : ResultativeDatum) (dpId predId : ℕ) :
      Minimalism.SmallClause

      Build a small clause from a resultative datum.

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.datum_sc_cat_consistent (d : ResultativeDatum) (dpId predId : ℕ) :
        (datumToSC d dpId predId).predCat = resToSCPred d.resType

        The SC predicate category is determined by the resultative type.

        §4. Per-datum SC categorization #

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.hammer_flat_is_AP :
        resToSCPred hammer_flat.resType = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A

        "She hammered the metal flat" — SC predicate is AP (property).

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.kick_into_field_is_PP :
        resToSCPred kick_into_field.resType = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P

        "She kicked the ball into the field" — SC predicate is PP (path).

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.freeze_solid_is_AP :
        resToSCPred freeze_solid.resType = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A

        "The river froze solid" — noncausative, SC predicate is AP.

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.roll_into_field_is_PP :
        resToSCPred roll_into_field.resType = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P

        "The ball rolled into the field" — noncausative path, SC predicate is PP.

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.laugh_silly_is_AP :
        resToSCPred laugh_silly.resType = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.A

        "She laughed herself silly" — fake reflexive, SC predicate is AP.

        §5. Cross-construction bridge #

        Path resultatives share SC predicate category P with PVCs (particles). This follows from den Dikken's thesis: both involve a P head as the SC predicate. The difference is that in PVCs, the P is a particle (intransitive), while in path resultatives, the P heads a full PP (transitive).

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        theorem Phenomena.Constructions.Resultatives.Studies.Dendikken1995.path_res_shares_cat_with_pvc :
        resToSCPred ResultativeType.causativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P ∧ resToSCPred ResultativeType.noncausativePath = Minimalism.SCPredCategory.P

        Path resultatives and PVCs share SC predicate category P.