Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors

Turkish Anaphors #

@cite{kornfilt-1997} @cite{goksel-kerslake-2005}

Turkish local anaphors relevant to binding theory and processing.

birbirleri (reciprocal) #

The preverbal reciprocal birbirleri 'each other' is subject to Principle A: it must be bound by a local, c-commanding, clause-mate antecedent (@cite{kornfilt-1997}). The antecedent must be plural.

Turkish's head-final structure places the reciprocal before the verb, which is critical for visual-world studies: the anaphor region precedes the verb region, ensuring that looks to antecedents at the anaphor reflect retrieval rather than post-verbal integration (@cite{bakay-etal-2026}).

The reciprocal receives case from the embedding predicate:

kendi (reflexive) #

The reflexive kendi 'self' is subject to similar Principle A constraints but can also function as an intensifier or logophor. Not formalized here.

source
inductive Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.AnaphorType :
Type

Type of Turkish local anaphor.

  • reciprocal : AnaphorType

    birbirleri 'each other' — requires plural antecedent

  • reflexive : AnaphorType

    kendi 'self' — can also be intensifier

Instances For
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    instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instDecidableEqAnaphorType :
    DecidableEq AnaphorType
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    instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instBEqAnaphorType :
    BEq AnaphorType
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    def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instBEqAnaphorType.beq :
    AnaphorType → AnaphorType → Bool
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      def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprAnaphorType.repr :
      AnaphorType → Nat → Std.Format
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      • One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
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        instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprAnaphorType :
        Repr AnaphorType
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        def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.AnaphorType.requiresPluralAntecedent :
        AnaphorType → Bool

        Is this anaphor type subject to a plurality requirement on its antecedent?

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          structure Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.TurkishAnaphor :
          Type

          A Turkish local anaphor with its morphosyntactic properties.

          Binding constraints (Principle A: c-command + clause-mate + phi-match) come from the syntactic theory, not the fragment entry. The fragment supplies the classification and case marking.

          • anaphorType : AnaphorType

            Reciprocal or reflexive

          • caseMarking : Core.Case

            Case marking on the anaphor (determined by the verb/postposition)

          • preverbal : Bool

            Preverbal: appears before the verb in head-final Turkish. Relevant for processing studies: the anaphor region precedes the verb region.

          Instances For
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            instance Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprTurkishAnaphor :
            Repr TurkishAnaphor
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            def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.instReprTurkishAnaphor.repr :
            TurkishAnaphor → Nat → Std.Format
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              def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc :
              TurkishAnaphor

              birbirleri as direct object (ACC case). Used in @cite{bakay-etal-2026} Experiments 1–3 as the critical anaphor.

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                def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriDat :
                TurkishAnaphor

                birbirleri as indirect object or postpositional complement (DAT case).

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                  def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriGen :
                  TurkishAnaphor

                  birbirleri as possessor (GEN case).

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                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc_is_reciprocal :
                    birbirleriAcc.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal

                    All birbirleri variants are reciprocals

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                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriDat_is_reciprocal :
                    birbirleriDat.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal
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                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriGen_is_reciprocal :
                    birbirleriGen.anaphorType = AnaphorType.reciprocal
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                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleri_requires_plural :
                    birbirleriAcc.anaphorType.requiresPluralAntecedent = true

                    All birbirleri variants require plural antecedents

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                    theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.birbirleriAcc_preverbal :
                    birbirleriAcc.preverbal = true

                    All birbirleri variants are preverbal

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                    def Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.experimentalCases :
                    List Core.Case

                    The case inventory of birbirleri forms used in @cite{bakay-etal-2026}

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                      theorem Fragments.Turkish.Anaphors.experimental_cases_valid :
                      (experimentalCases.all fun (x : Core.Case) => Case.caseInventory.contains x) = true

                      All experimental cases are in the Turkish case inventory