Tagalog Temporal Connectives Fragment

@cite{dell-1983} @cite{rett-2020}

Cross-linguistic data on Tagalog bago ('before') and pagkatapos ('after') showing overt morphological marking of the aspectual coercion that English leaves covert.

Tagalog distinguishes two perfective aspects in embedded temporal clauses:

• PFV.NEUT (neutral, non-culminating perfective): yields start-point reading
• AIA (ability-and-involuntary-action, culminating perfective): yields finish-point reading

This morphological evidence supports @cite{rett-2020}'s ambiguity analysis: the covert INCHOAT/COMPLET operators posited for English correspond to overt aspect markers in Tagalog.

structure Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.AspectReadingEntry : Type

A Tagalog temporal clause's reading is determined by the overt aspect marking on the embedded verb. This structure pairs the morphological form with its resulting temporal interpretation.

• connective : String

  Connective form (Tagalog)

• aspectLabel : String

  Description of the aspect form

• aspect : Semantics.Tense.Aspect.Core.ViewpointAspectB

  Viewpoint aspect category

• culminating : Bool

  Whether this is the culminating (AIA) or non-culminating (NEUT) variant

• reading : English.TemporalExpressions.Reading

  Resulting reading of the temporal clause

instance Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instReprAspectReadingEntry : Repr AspectReadingEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instReprAspectReadingEntry = { reprPrec := Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instReprAspectReadingEntry.repr }

def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instReprAspectReadingEntry.repr : AspectReadingEntry → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

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instance Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instBEqAspectReadingEntry : BEq AspectReadingEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instBEqAspectReadingEntry = { beq := Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instBEqAspectReadingEntry.beq }

def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instBEqAspectReadingEntry.beq : AspectReadingEntry → AspectReadingEntry → Bool

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• Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.instBEqAspectReadingEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.bago_neut : AspectReadingEntry

bago + PFV.NEUT → before-start (≺ initial). @cite{rett-2020} ex. (12a): "She left before he swept the floor" with neutral perfective yields the default initial-point reading.

Equations

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def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.bago_aia : AspectReadingEntry

bago + AIA → before-finish (≺ final). @cite{rett-2020} ex. (12b): "She left before he swept the floor" with AIA (ability-and-involuntary-action) yields the coerced final-point reading. AIA is the morphological realization of COMPLET.

Equations

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def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.pagkatapos_neut : AspectReadingEntry

pagkatapos + PFV.NEUT → after-start (≻ initial). Non-culminating perfective with after yields the coerced initial-point reading: the main event follows the onset of the embedded event. PFV.NEUT is the morphological realization of INCHOAT.

Equations

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def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.pagkatapos_aia : AspectReadingEntry

pagkatapos + AIA → after-finish (≻ final). Culminating perfective with after yields the default final-point reading: the main event follows the culmination of the embedded event.

Equations

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def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.bago : English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

Tagalog bago ('before'): licenses NPIs, non-veridical. Mirrors English before on all semantic properties.

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def Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.pagkatapos : English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

Tagalog pagkatapos ('after'): does not license NPIs, veridical. Mirrors English after on all semantic properties.

Equations

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theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.same_connective_different_reading : bago_neut.connective = bago_aia.connective ∧ bago_neut.reading ≠ bago_aia.reading

Same connective (bago), same viewpoint aspect (perfective), but different culmination marking → different temporal reading.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.culmination_determines_reading : (bago_aia.culminating = true ∧ bago_aia.reading = English.TemporalExpressions.Reading.beforeFinish) ∧ bago_neut.culminating = false ∧ bago_neut.reading = English.TemporalExpressions.Reading.beforeStart

The culminating variant (AIA) yields the final-point reading, the non-culminating variant (NEUT) yields the initial-point reading.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.pagkatapos_different_reading : pagkatapos_neut.connective = pagkatapos_aia.connective ∧ pagkatapos_neut.reading ≠ pagkatapos_aia.reading

Same connective (pagkatapos), same viewpoint aspect (perfective), but different culmination marking → different temporal reading.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.culmination_symmetry : (bago_aia.culminating = true ∧ pagkatapos_aia.culminating = true) ∧ bago_neut.culminating = false ∧ pagkatapos_neut.culminating = false

The culmination→reading mapping is consistent across connectives: culminating = finish-point, non-culminating = start-point.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.veridicality_asymmetry : bago.complementVeridical = false ∧ pagkatapos.complementVeridical = true

The veridicality asymmetry holds: bago is non-veridical, pagkatapos is veridical.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.npi_asymmetry : bago.licensesNPI = true ∧ pagkatapos.licensesNPI = false

The NPI asymmetry holds: bago licenses NPIs, pagkatapos does not.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.bago_matches_before : bago.order = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.order ∧ bago.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.licensesNPI ∧ bago.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.defaultReading ∧ bago.coercedReading = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.coercedReading ∧ bago.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.complementVeridical

Tagalog bago and English before agree on all semantic properties.

theorem Fragments.Tagalog.TemporalConnectives.pagkatapos_matches_after : pagkatapos.order = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.order ∧ pagkatapos.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.licensesNPI ∧ pagkatapos.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.defaultReading ∧ pagkatapos.coercedReading = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.coercedReading ∧ pagkatapos.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.complementVeridical

Tagalog pagkatapos and English after agree on all semantic properties.