Swahili Reciprocal Fragment #
@cite{nordlinger-2023}
Swahili marks reciprocity with the verbal suffix "-an-" (sometimes "-ana" in final position). This is a verbal affix strategy (monovalent): it reduces valency by removing the object argument. The reciprocal participants are encoded as a plural subject.
Example: "pend-" (love) → "pend-an-a" (love each other) @cite{nordlinger-2023} ex. 40 (citing Dimitriadis 2004).
The reciprocal affix is distinct from the reflexive prefix "ji-".
Swahili reciprocal suffix "-an-" as a morphological rule.
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Swahili reflexive prefix "ji-" (for contrast).
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Reciprocal and reflexive are formally distinct in Swahili.
Both are valence-changing operations.