Russian Noun Gender @cite{corbett-1991} @cite{kramer-2020}

Gender assignments for Russian nouns, typed by DM categorizing heads.

Russian has three surface genders (masculine, feminine, neuter) and is analyzed here as a 5-n language in @cite{kramer-2015}'s framework:

n head	Gender value	Surface gender	Example
n i[+FEM]	natural fem	feminine	mat' 'mother'
n i[−FEM]	natural masc	masculine	otec 'father'
n u[+FEM]	arbitrary fem	feminine	škola 'school'
n u[−FEM]	arbitrary masc	masculine	zakon 'law'
plain n	(default)	neuter	vino 'wine'

The semantic core (@cite{kramer-2020} ex. 17): male humans and higher animals are masculine; female humans and higher animals are feminine.

Remainder nouns correlate with declension class (@cite{corbett-1991}): Class I → masculine, Class II/III → feminine, others → neuter. The correlation is imperfect: put' (Class III) is masculine and znamja (Class III) is neuter (@cite{kramer-2020} ex. 19).

Hybrid nouns like vrač 'doctor' trigger masculine agreement on some targets and feminine on others in the same clause (@cite{kramer-2020} ex. 15–16).

inductive Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass : Type

Russian declension classes. Gender correlates with class but neither fully determines the other (@cite{corbett-1991}; @cite{kramer-2020} §2.3.2).

• I : DeclClass
• II : DeclClass
• III : DeclClass
• IV : DeclClass

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instDecidableEqDeclClass : DecidableEq DeclClass

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instDecidableEqDeclClass x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqDeclClass.beq : DeclClass → DeclClass → Bool

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqDeclClass.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqDeclClass : BEq DeclClass

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqDeclClass = { beq := Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqDeclClass.beq }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprDeclClass.repr : DeclClass → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

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instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprDeclClass : Repr DeclClass

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprDeclClass = { reprPrec := Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprDeclClass.repr }

structure Fragments.Russian.Gender.RussianNoun : Type

A Russian noun annotated with its categorizing head and (optionally) its declension class. Semantic-core nouns omit the class since their gender is determined by the referent, not morphology.

• form : String
• gloss : String
• nHead : Morphology.DM.CatHead
• declClass : Option DeclClass

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprRussianNoun : Repr RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprRussianNoun = { reprPrec := Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprRussianNoun.repr }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprRussianNoun.repr : RussianNoun → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

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def Fragments.Russian.Gender.otec : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.otec = { form := "otec", gloss := "father", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iMasc }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.mat' : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.mat' = { form := "mat'", gloss := "mother", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iFem }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.brat : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.brat = { form := "brat", gloss := "brother", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iMasc }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.sestra : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.sestra = { form := "sestra", gloss := "sister", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iFem }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.byk : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.byk = { form := "byk", gloss := "bull", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iMasc }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.korova : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.korova = { form := "korova", gloss := "cow", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iFem }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.zakon : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.zakon = { form := "zakon", gloss := "law", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uNegFem, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.I }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.škola : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.škola = { form := "škola", gloss := "school", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uFem, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.II }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.kost' : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.kost' = { form := "kost'", gloss := "bone", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uFem, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.III }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.vino : RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.vino = { form := "vino", gloss := "wine", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_plain, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.IV }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.znamja : RussianNoun

znamja 'banner': Class III but neuter, not feminine. (@cite{corbett-1991}; @cite{kramer-2020} ex. 19a)

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.znamja = { form := "znamja", gloss := "banner", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_plain, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.III }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.put' : RussianNoun

put' 'way': the only masculine noun in Class III. (@cite{corbett-1991}; @cite{kramer-2020} ex. 19b)

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.put' = { form := "put'", gloss := "way", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uNegFem, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.III }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.vrač : RussianNoun

vrač 'doctor': morphologically masculine (Class I), but can trigger feminine agreement when the referent is female. (@cite{kramer-2020} ex. 15–16; @cite{corbett-1991})

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.vrač = { form := "vrač", gloss := "doctor", nHead := Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uNegFem, declClass := some Fragments.Russian.Gender.DeclClass.I }

inductive Fragments.Russian.Gender.SurfaceGender : Type

Russian surface gender: a 3-way system.

• masculine : SurfaceGender
• feminine : SurfaceGender
• neuter : SurfaceGender

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instDecidableEqSurfaceGender : DecidableEq SurfaceGender

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instDecidableEqSurfaceGender x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqSurfaceGender.beq : SurfaceGender → SurfaceGender → Bool

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqSurfaceGender.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqSurfaceGender : BEq SurfaceGender

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqSurfaceGender = { beq := Fragments.Russian.Gender.instBEqSurfaceGender.beq }

instance Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprSurfaceGender : Repr SurfaceGender

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprSurfaceGender = { reprPrec := Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprSurfaceGender.repr }

def Fragments.Russian.Gender.instReprSurfaceGender.repr : SurfaceGender → ℕ → Std.Format

Equations

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def Fragments.Russian.Gender.surfaceGender (ch : Morphology.DM.CatHead) : SurfaceGender

Derive surface gender from n head via Russian VI rules.

Unlike Set 1 Spanish (plain n → masculine) or Set 2 Maa (plain n → feminine), Russian maps plain n to a THIRD gender (neuter), yielding 3 surface genders from 5 n-head types.

Equations

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def Fragments.Russian.Gender.semanticCoreNouns : List RussianNoun

Equations

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def Fragments.Russian.Gender.remainderNouns : List RussianNoun

Equations

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def Fragments.Russian.Gender.allNouns : List RussianNoun

Equations

• Fragments.Russian.Gender.allNouns = Fragments.Russian.Gender.semanticCoreNouns ++ Fragments.Russian.Gender.remainderNouns ++ [Fragments.Russian.Gender.vrač]

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.semanticMasc_all_iMasc : ([otec, brat, byk].all fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iMasc) = true

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.semanticFem_all_iFem : ([mat', sestra, korova].all fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iFem) = true

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.otec_masculine : surfaceGender otec.nHead = SurfaceGender.masculine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.mat'_feminine : surfaceGender mat'.nHead = SurfaceGender.feminine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.brat_masculine : surfaceGender brat.nHead = SurfaceGender.masculine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.sestra_feminine : surfaceGender sestra.nHead = SurfaceGender.feminine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.byk_masculine : surfaceGender byk.nHead = SurfaceGender.masculine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.korova_feminine : surfaceGender korova.nHead = SurfaceGender.feminine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.classI_masculine : surfaceGender zakon.nHead = SurfaceGender.masculine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.classII_feminine : surfaceGender škola.nHead = SurfaceGender.feminine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.classIII_feminine : surfaceGender kost'.nHead = SurfaceGender.feminine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.default_neuter : surfaceGender vino.nHead = SurfaceGender.neuter

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.znamja_classIII_neuter : znamja.declClass = some DeclClass.III ∧ surfaceGender znamja.nHead = SurfaceGender.neuter

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.put'_classIII_masculine : put'.declClass = some DeclClass.III ∧ surfaceGender put'.nHead = SurfaceGender.masculine

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.declClass_ne_gender : znamja.declClass = kost'.declClass ∧ surfaceGender znamja.nHead ≠ surfaceGender kost'.nHead

Declension class does not determine gender: znamja and kost' share Class III but differ in surface gender.

theorem Fragments.Russian.Gender.five_n_types_covered : (allNouns.any fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iFem) = true ∧ (allNouns.any fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_iMasc) = true ∧ (allNouns.any fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uFem) = true ∧ (allNouns.any fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_uNegFem) = true ∧ (allNouns.any fun (x : RussianNoun) => x.nHead == Morphology.DM.CatHead.n_plain) = true

All five n-types are represented in the inventory.