Latvian Indeterminate Pronoun Paradigm

@cite{haspelmath-1997} @cite{kratzer-shimoyama-2002}

Latvian exhibits a morphologically transparent indeterminate system with three productive prefixes that mark operator association (p. 277 of @cite{haspelmath-1997}, cited in §1 of @cite{kratzer-shimoyama-2002}):

• kaut- series: existential (∃)
• ne- series: negative polarity (direct negation scope)
• jeb- series: free choice / indirect negation / comparatives

Each prefix attaches to the same set of wh-interrogative bases (kas 'who/what', kur 'where', kad 'when', ka 'how', kads/kurs 'which'), making Latvian a selective system in the sense of @cite{kratzer-shimoyama-2002}: the morphological prefix determines the operator, unlike Japanese where a single base (dare) combines with different particles.

Diacritics omitted following @cite{kratzer-shimoyama-2002}.

structure Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.IndeterminateSeriesEntry : Type

A row in a cross-linguistic indeterminate paradigm table. Each row represents one semantic domain (person, thing, place, ...) with forms for the interrogative and each operator-series.

• domain : String
• interrogative : String
• existential : String
• negPolarity : String
• freeChoice : String

instance Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instReprIndeterminateSeriesEntry : Repr IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instReprIndeterminateSeriesEntry = { reprPrec := Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instReprIndeterminateSeriesEntry.repr }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instReprIndeterminateSeriesEntry.repr : IndeterminateSeriesEntry → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

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def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instBEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry.beq : IndeterminateSeriesEntry → IndeterminateSeriesEntry → Bool

Equations

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• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instBEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

instance Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instBEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry : BEq IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instBEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry = { beq := Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instBEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry.beq }

instance Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instDecidableEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry : DecidableEq IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instDecidableEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry = Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instDecidableEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry.decEq

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.instDecidableEqIndeterminateSeriesEntry.decEq (x✝ x✝¹ : IndeterminateSeriesEntry) : Decidable (x✝ = x✝¹)

Equations

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def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.person : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.person = { domain := "person", interrogative := "kas", existential := "kaut kas, kads", negPolarity := "ne-viens", freeChoice := "jeb-kads" }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.thing : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.thing = { domain := "thing", interrogative := "kas", existential := "kaut kas", negPolarity := "ne-kas", freeChoice := "jeb-kas" }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.place : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.place = { domain := "place", interrogative := "kur", existential := "kaut kur", negPolarity := "ne-kur", freeChoice := "jeb-kur" }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.time : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.time = { domain := "time", interrogative := "kad", existential := "kaut kad", negPolarity := "ne-kad", freeChoice := "jeb-kad" }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.manner : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.manner = { domain := "manner", interrogative := "ka", existential := "kaut ka", negPolarity := "ne-ka", freeChoice := "jeb-ka" }

def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.determiner : IndeterminateSeriesEntry

Equations

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def Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.paradigm : List IndeterminateSeriesEntry

The full 6-row Latvian paradigm.

Equations

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theorem Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.paradigm_size : paradigm.length = 6

theorem Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.negpol_prefix : (paradigm.all fun (e : IndeterminateSeriesEntry) => e.negPolarity.startsWith "ne-") = true

Each ne-series form uses the common prefix "ne-".

theorem Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.fc_prefix : (paradigm.all fun (e : IndeterminateSeriesEntry) => e.freeChoice.startsWith "jeb-") = true

Each jeb-series form uses the common prefix "jeb-".

theorem Fragments.Latvian.IndeterminatePronouns.exist_prefix : (paradigm.all fun (e : IndeterminateSeriesEntry) => e.existential.startsWith "kaut ") = true

Each kaut-series form uses the common prefix "kaut ".