Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Japanese.Passive

Japanese Passive Types #

@cite{jo-seo-2023} @cite{ozaki-2026}

Japanese has two structurally distinct passive constructions that look superficially similar (both use -(r)are-):

Direct passive (-niyotte agent): valency-reducing, requires thematic Voice. Only available for verbs that project an external argument.
Indirect (adversative) passive (-ni agent): introduces a malefactive argument. Available for ALL verbs, including unaccusatives and intransitives.

The niyotte substitution test distinguishes them: direct passives allow the dative agent marker ni to be replaced with niyotte; indirect passives do not (@cite{jo-seo-2023}).

inductive Fragments.Japanese.Passive.PassiveType :

Types of passive in Japanese.

direct : PassiveType
indirect : PassiveType

Instances For

instance Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instDecidableEqPassiveType :

DecidableEq PassiveType

Equations

Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instDecidableEqPassiveType x✝ y✝ = if h : x✝.ctorIdx = y✝.ctorIdx then isTrue ⋯ else isFalse ⋯

instance Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instBEqPassiveType :

BEq PassiveType

Equations

Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instBEqPassiveType = { beq := Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instBEqPassiveType.beq }

def Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instBEqPassiveType.beq :

PassiveType → PassiveType → Bool

Equations

Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instBEqPassiveType.beq x✝ y✝ = (x✝.ctorIdx == y✝.ctorIdx)

Instances For

def Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instReprPassiveType.repr :

PassiveType → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

Instances For

instance Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instReprPassiveType :

Repr PassiveType

Equations

Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instReprPassiveType = { reprPrec := Fragments.Japanese.Passive.instReprPassiveType.repr }

def Fragments.Japanese.Passive.PassiveType.requiresThematicVoice :

PassiveType → Bool

Direct passive requires thematic Voice (an agentive external argument).

Equations

Instances For