Italian Negation Fragment

Italian sentential negation and negative concord (n-words).

Negation Strategy

Italian uses the preverbal particle non for standard negation:

• Non ho visto nessuno 'NEG have seen nobody' = 'I didn't see anyone'

Negative Concord

Italian is a negative concord language (like Spanish): n-words co-occur with non in postverbal position, but can stand alone preverbally:

• Postverbal: Non ho visto nessuno (non required)
• Preverbal: Nessuno è venuto (non absent)

This matches the .mixed strategy in WALS Ch 115, paralleling Spanish.

N-Words

Italian n-words: nessuno/nessuna (nobody), niente/nulla (nothing), mai (never), neanche/nemmeno/neppure (not even).

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.negMarker : String

The Italian standard negation marker.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.negMarker = "non"

structure Fragments.Italian.Negation.NWordEntry : Type

An Italian n-word entry.

• form : String

  Surface form

• gloss : String

  Gloss

• preverbalAlone : Bool

  Can this n-word appear preverbally without non?

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNWordEntry.repr : NWordEntry → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

instance Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNWordEntry : Repr NWordEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNWordEntry = { reprPrec := Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNWordEntry.repr }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry.beq : NWordEntry → NWordEntry → Bool

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry.beq { form := a, gloss := a_1, preverbalAlone := a_2 } { form := b, gloss := b_1, preverbalAlone := b_2 } = (a == b && (a_1 == b_1 && a_2 == b_2))
• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

instance Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry : BEq NWordEntry

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry = { beq := Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNWordEntry.beq }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.nessuno : NWordEntry

nessuno — nobody (masculine). Can appear preverbally alone.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.nessuno = { form := "nessuno", gloss := "nobody.M", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.nessuna : NWordEntry

nessuna — nobody (feminine). Can appear preverbally alone.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.nessuna = { form := "nessuna", gloss := "nobody.F", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.niente : NWordEntry

niente — nothing. Requires non postverbally; can appear preverbally alone.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.niente = { form := "niente", gloss := "nothing", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.nulla : NWordEntry

nulla — nothing (formal). Same distribution as niente.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.nulla = { form := "nulla", gloss := "nothing.FORMAL", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.mai : NWordEntry

mai — never. Requires non (typically postverbal: non... mai).

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.mai = { form := "mai", gloss := "never", preverbalAlone := false }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.neanche : NWordEntry

neanche — not even. Requires non postverbally; can appear preverbally alone.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.neanche = { form := "neanche", gloss := "not.even", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.nemmeno : NWordEntry

nemmeno — not even (variant). Same distribution as neanche.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.nemmeno = { form := "nemmeno", gloss := "not.even", preverbalAlone := true }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.allNWords : List NWordEntry

Equations

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structure Fragments.Italian.Negation.NegConcordExample : Type

A negative concord example: a sentence with non and an n-word.

• sentence : String

  Italian sentence

• translation : String

  English translation

• hasNon : Bool

  Is non present?

• nwordPosition : String

  Position of the n-word

instance Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNegConcordExample : Repr NegConcordExample

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNegConcordExample = { reprPrec := Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNegConcordExample.repr }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.instReprNegConcordExample.repr : NegConcordExample → Nat → Std.Format

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

instance Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNegConcordExample : BEq NegConcordExample

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNegConcordExample = { beq := Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNegConcordExample.beq }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNegConcordExample.beq : NegConcordExample → NegConcordExample → Bool

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.
• Fragments.Italian.Negation.instBEqNegConcordExample.beq x✝¹ x✝ = false

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_postverbal : NegConcordExample

Postverbal n-word requires non.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_postverbal = { sentence := "Non ho visto nessuno", translation := "I didn't see anyone", hasNon := true, nwordPosition := "postverbal" }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_preverbal : NegConcordExample

Preverbal n-word stands alone (no non).

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_preverbal = { sentence := "Nessuno è venuto", translation := "Nobody came", hasNon := false, nwordPosition := "preverbal" }

def Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_mai : NegConcordExample

Postverbal mai requires non.

Equations

• Fragments.Italian.Negation.ex_mai = { sentence := "Non ho mai visto Roma", translation := "I have never seen Rome", hasNon := true, nwordPosition := "postverbal" }

theorem Fragments.Italian.Negation.nessuno_preverbal : nessuno.preverbalAlone = true

nessuno can appear preverbally without non.

theorem Fragments.Italian.Negation.mai_requires_non : mai.preverbalAlone = false

mai requires non (cannot appear preverbally alone).

theorem Fragments.Italian.Negation.negMarker_is_non : negMarker = "non"

The negation marker is non.