Icelandic Temporal Connectives Fragment

@cite{giannakidou-2002} @cite{karttunen-1974}

Icelandic lexicalizes the two-until distinction despite lacking overt verbal aspect marking (@cite{giannakidou-2002}, ex. 43–46, from Gunnar Hansson p.c.):

• flanga til / til ('until'): durative endpoint type, combines only with stative/durative meanings. "*Prinsessan kom flanga til klukkan fimm" ('*The princess arrived until five o'clock') is ungrammatical.

• fyrr en ('earlier than', lit. 'before-than'): eventive NPI type, requires negation (ekki). Morphologically distinct from til and transparently built on before — paralleling Finnish ennenkuin ('before-than') and confirming @cite{karttunen-1974}'s identity NPI-until = ¬before.

This shows that the aspect parameter is not decisive for whether a language lexicalizes the durative/eventive distinction: Icelandic has no overt perfective/imperfective marking but still distinguishes the two untils.

def Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.flangaTil : English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

Icelandic (flanga) til ('until'): durative endpoint type. Combines only with stative/activity main clauses. "Prinsessan svaf flanga til klukkan fimm." ('The princess slept until five o'clock.')

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

def Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.fyrrEn : English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

Icelandic fyrr en ('earlier than'): eventive NPI type. Requires negation (ekki). Morphologically fyrr ('earlier/before')

• en ('than') — transparently before-based, confirming @cite{karttunen-1974}'s NPI-until = ¬before. "Prinsessan kom *(ekki) fyrr en klukkan fimm." ('The princess arrived *(not) until five o'clock.')

Equations

• One or more equations did not get rendered due to their size.

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.two_until_lexicalized : flangaTil.form ≠ fyrrEn.form

Icelandic lexicalizes the two-until distinction with different lexemes.

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.veridicality_split : flangaTil.complementVeridical = true ∧ fyrrEn.complementVeridical = false

Flanga til is veridical (endpoint type); fyrr en is non-veridical (eventive NPI type).

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.punctuality_split : flangaTil.forcesPunctual = false ∧ fyrrEn.forcesPunctual = true

Fyrr en forces punctual reading; flanga til does not.

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.flangaTil_matches_until : flangaTil.order = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.order ∧ flangaTil.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.complementVeridical ∧ flangaTil.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.defaultReading

Icelandic flanga til matches English durative until.

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.flangaTil_matches_mexri : flangaTil.complementVeridical = Greek.TemporalConnectives.mexri.complementVeridical ∧ flangaTil.forcesPunctual = Greek.TemporalConnectives.mexri.forcesPunctual

Icelandic flanga til matches Greek mexri on key properties.

theorem Fragments.Icelandic.TemporalConnectives.fyrrEn_matches_paraMonon : fyrrEn.complementVeridical = Greek.TemporalConnectives.paraMonon.complementVeridical ∧ fyrrEn.forcesPunctual = Greek.TemporalConnectives.paraMonon.forcesPunctual

Icelandic fyrr en matches Greek para monon on key properties.