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Linglib.Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives

Finnish Temporal Connectives Fragment #

@cite{heinamaki-1974} @cite{karttunen-1974} @cite{rett-2020}

Finnish lexicalizes the two-until distinction that @cite{karttunen-1974} argues is covert in English:

The fact that the Finnish punctual until is morphologically derived from before (ennen = 'before', kuin = 'than') provides strong evidence for Karttunen's identity: punctual until = ¬before.

Finnish also has kun ('when') and the standard before/after pair: ennen / jälkeen.

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def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennen :
English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

Finnish ennen ('before'): mirrors English before. Licenses NPIs, non-veridical complement.

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    def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.jälkeen :
    English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

    Finnish jälkeen ('after'): mirrors English after. Does not license NPIs, veridical complement.

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      def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kun :
      English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

      Finnish kun ('when'): temporal coincidence. Veridical, does not license NPIs.

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        def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes :
        English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

        Finnish kunnes (durative until): "John slept kunnes 3pm." The main event persists to the complement time. Veridical complement.

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          def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennenkuin :
          English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

          Finnish ennenkuin (punctual until): literally 'before-than'. Used with negation: "He didn't wake up ennenkuin the prince kissed her."

          Morphologically: ennen ('before') + kuin ('than'). This overt morphological decomposition confirms Karttunen's analysis that punctual until = NOT(BEFORE). The negation is external to the connective, which is literally before.

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            def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.sillä_aikaa_kun :
            English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

            Finnish sillä aikaa kun ('while', literally 'that time when'): temporal containment, mirrors English while / as long as. Multi-word expression; not a single lexeme.

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              def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.aina_kun :
              English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

              Finnish aina kun ('whenever', literally 'always when'): universally quantified temporal overlap, mirrors English whenever. Multi-word expression.

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                def Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.heti_kun :
                English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalExprEntry

                Finnish heti kun ('as soon as', literally 'immediately when'): strengthened after with temporal proximity, mirrors English as soon as. Multi-word expression.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.two_until_lexicalized :
                  kunnes.form ≠ ennenkuin.form ∧ kunnes.order ≠ ennenkuin.order

                  Finnish lexicalizes the two-until distinction: kunnes (durative) and ennenkuin (punctual) are different lexical items with different temporal orders.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennenkuin_is_before :
                  ennenkuin.order = English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalOrder.before ∧ ennen.order = English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalOrder.before

                  Ennenkuin is morphologically before (ennen): its order field is .before, confirming Karttunen's NOT(BEFORE) analysis.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes_is_until :
                  kunnes.order = English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalOrder.until_ ∧ ennenkuin.order = English.TemporalExpressions.TemporalOrder.before

                  Kunnes (durative until) is a genuine .until_ connective, distinct from ennenkuin's .before.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.ennen_matches_before :
                  ennen.order = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.order ∧ ennen.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.licensesNPI ∧ ennen.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.defaultReading ∧ ennen.coercedReading = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.coercedReading ∧ ennen.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.before_.complementVeridical

                  Finnish ennen and English before agree on all semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.jälkeen_matches_after :
                  jälkeen.order = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.order ∧ jälkeen.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.licensesNPI ∧ jälkeen.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.defaultReading ∧ jälkeen.coercedReading = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.coercedReading ∧ jälkeen.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.after_.complementVeridical

                  Finnish jälkeen and English after agree on all semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kun_matches_when :
                  kun.order = English.TemporalExpressions.when_conn.order ∧ kun.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.when_conn.licensesNPI ∧ kun.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.when_conn.defaultReading ∧ kun.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.when_conn.complementVeridical

                  Finnish kun and English when agree on all semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes_matches_until :
                  kunnes.order = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.order ∧ kunnes.licensesNPI = false ∧ kunnes.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.defaultReading ∧ kunnes.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.until_.complementVeridical

                  Finnish kunnes (durative until) and English until agree on all semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.veridicality_asymmetry :
                  ennen.complementVeridical = false ∧ jälkeen.complementVeridical = true

                  Finnish veridicality asymmetry: ennen non-veridical, jälkeen veridical.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kunnes_covers_till :
                  kunnes.order = English.TemporalExpressions.till_conn.order ∧ kunnes.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.till_conn.defaultReading ∧ kunnes.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.till_conn.complementVeridical

                  Finnish kunnes covers both English until and till (durative). Finnish does not lexically distinguish until from till because kunnes already has the single durative-until meaning; the English dialectal split is irrelevant.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.since_by_not_single_lexeme :
                  True

                  Finnish lacks a single-lexeme equivalent of English since or by. Since is expressed as siitä lähtien kun ('from that onwards when') or with the elative case + lähtien. By is expressed as mennessä (inessive of 'going') or viimeistään ('at the latest').

                  This is not a gap in Finnish — it reflects that since and by are typologically less basic than before/after/when/until.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.sillä_aikaa_kun_matches_while :
                  sillä_aikaa_kun.order = English.TemporalExpressions.while_conn.order ∧ sillä_aikaa_kun.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.while_conn.licensesNPI ∧ sillä_aikaa_kun.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.while_conn.defaultReading ∧ sillä_aikaa_kun.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.while_conn.complementVeridical

                  Finnish sillä aikaa kun and English while agree on semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.aina_kun_matches_whenever :
                  aina_kun.order = English.TemporalExpressions.whenever_conn.order ∧ aina_kun.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.whenever_conn.licensesNPI ∧ aina_kun.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.whenever_conn.defaultReading ∧ aina_kun.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.whenever_conn.complementVeridical

                  Finnish aina kun and English whenever agree on semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.heti_kun_matches_asSoonAs :
                  heti_kun.order = English.TemporalExpressions.asSoonAs.order ∧ heti_kun.licensesNPI = English.TemporalExpressions.asSoonAs.licensesNPI ∧ heti_kun.defaultReading = English.TemporalExpressions.asSoonAs.defaultReading ∧ heti_kun.complementVeridical = English.TemporalExpressions.asSoonAs.complementVeridical

                  Finnish heti kun and English as soon as agree on semantic properties.

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                  theorem Fragments.Finnish.TemporalConnectives.kun_family_veridical :
                  kun.complementVeridical = true ∧ aina_kun.complementVeridical = true ∧ heti_kun.complementVeridical = true

                  Finnish morphological transparency: aina kun and heti kun are compositionally built from kun ('when') with adverbial modifiers aina ('always') and heti ('immediately'). All three share the base connective kun's complement veridicality.