Documentation

Linglib.Fragments.Farsi.Phonology

Persian (Farsi) Vowel Hiatus Data @cite{storme-2026} #

Empirical data for Persian vowel hiatus resolution, the case study in @cite{storme-2026}'s MaxEnt systemic constraints analysis.

Persian has three low vowels — /æ/, /ɑ/, and (in some analyses) /ɒ/ — that undergo various resolution strategies when they occur in hiatus (V.V across a morpheme boundary). The key empirical observation is that hiatus resolution is asymmetric: the pattern of deletion differs depending on which vowels are involved, even when classical faithfulness/markedness constraints predict symmetric behavior. Storme argues this asymmetry arises from *HOMOPHONY avoidance — the grammar prefers mappings that maintain output distinctness across the paradigm.

Segments #

We define the two low vowels using the phonological feature system from Theories.Phonology.Features. These are the segments relevant to hiatus resolution; the full Persian consonant inventory is not needed.

Hiatus domain #

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def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.vowelAe :
Theories.Phonology.Segment

Persian /æ/ — low front unrounded vowel. [+syll, −cons, +son, +approx, +cont, −nasal, −lat, +dor, +low, +front, −back, −tense]

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    def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.vowelAh :
    Theories.Phonology.Segment

    Persian /ɑ/ — low back unrounded vowel. [+syll, −cons, +son, +approx, +cont, −nasal, −lat, +dor, +low, −front, +back, −tense]

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      inductive Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.HiatusInput :
      Type

      Underlying hiatus contexts: V₁.V₂ sequences across a morpheme boundary. We model the four pairwise combinations of /æ/ and /ɑ/.

      Naming: ae = /æ/ (low front), ah = /ɑ/ (low back).

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        instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instDecidableEqHiatusInput :
        DecidableEq HiatusInput
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        def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instBEqHiatusInput.beq :
        HiatusInput → HiatusInput → Bool
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          instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instBEqHiatusInput :
          BEq HiatusInput
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          instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instReprHiatusInput :
          Repr HiatusInput
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          def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instReprHiatusInput.repr :
          HiatusInput → Nat → Std.Format
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            inductive Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.HiatusOutput :
            Type

            Resolution strategies for vowel hiatus.

            • deleteV1 : HiatusOutput

              Delete V₁ (first vowel).

            • deleteV2 : HiatusOutput

              Delete V₂ (second vowel).

            • epenthesis : HiatusOutput

              Glide epenthesis (insert [j] or [w] between vowels).

            • coalescence : HiatusOutput

              Coalescence (merge V₁ and V₂ into a single vowel).

            • faithful : HiatusOutput

              Faithful (no repair — hiatus surfaces).

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              instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instDecidableEqHiatusOutput :
              DecidableEq HiatusOutput
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              def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instBEqHiatusOutput.beq :
              HiatusOutput → HiatusOutput → Bool
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                instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instBEqHiatusOutput :
                BEq HiatusOutput
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                instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instReprHiatusOutput :
                Repr HiatusOutput
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                def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instReprHiatusOutput.repr :
                HiatusOutput → Nat → Std.Format
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                  instance Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.instInhabitedHiatusOutput :
                  Inhabited HiatusOutput
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                  @[reducible, inline]
                  abbrev Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.HiatusCandidate :
                  Type

                  A hiatus candidate: an input–output pair for constraint evaluation.

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                    def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.candidates (_i : HiatusInput) :
                    List HiatusOutput

                    The candidate set for each input: all five resolution strategies.

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                      def Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.surfaceDescription :
                      HiatusCandidate → String

                      Surface form description for each input–output pair. These are descriptive labels, not phonetic transcriptions.

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                        theorem Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.candidates_length (i : HiatusInput) :
                        (candidates i).length = 5

                        Each input has exactly 5 candidates.

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                        theorem Fragments.Farsi.Phonology.vowels_distinct :
                        ¬(vowelAe == vowelAh) = true

                        The two vowels are featurally distinct (differ in [±front] and [±back]).