English Phonological Inventory

Concrete English segments and language-specific phonological rules, defined using the SPE formalism from Theories.Phonology.RuleBased.Defs.

Segments

Core inventory for demo alternations: /p t k b d m n ŋ s w r æ ɪ ə/.

Rules

1. Preglottalization (Hayes p.125): [-cont, -voice] → [+c.g.] / __]word
2. Postnasal /t/ Deletion (Hayes p.133): [-cont, +cor, +ant, -voice] → ∅ / [+nasal] __ [+syll]

@cite{hayes-2009}

def Fragments.English.Phonology.p : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/p/: voiceless bilabial stop

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.t : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/t/: voiceless alveolar stop

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.k : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/k/: voiceless velar stop

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.b : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/b/: voiced bilabial stop

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.d : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/d/: voiced alveolar stop

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.m : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/m/: bilabial nasal

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.n : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/n/: alveolar nasal

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.ŋ : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/ŋ/: velar nasal

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.s : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/s/: voiceless alveolar fricative

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.w : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/w/: labial-velar glide

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.r : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/r/: alveolar approximant

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.æ : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/æ/: low front unrounded vowel

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.laxI : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/ɪ/: high front lax vowel

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.schwa : Theories.Phonology.Segment

/ə/: mid central vowel (schwa)

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.preglottalization : Theories.Phonology.RuleBased.PhonRule

Preglottalization (Hayes p.125): [-cont, -voice] → [+c.g.] / __]word

Voiceless stops become glottalized word-finally.

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def Fragments.English.Phonology.postnasalDeletion : Theories.Phonology.RuleBased.PhonRule

Postnasal /t/ Deletion (Hayes p.133): [-cont, +cor, +ant, -voice] → ∅ / [+nasal] __ [+syll]

Voiceless coronal stops delete between a nasal and a vowel.

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theorem Fragments.English.Phonology.t_is_voiceless_stop : t.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.continuant false = true ∧ t.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.voice false = true

/t/ is a voiceless stop: [-cont, -voice].

theorem Fragments.English.Phonology.n_is_nasal : n.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.nasal true = true ∧ n.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.sonorant true = true

/n/ is a nasal: [+nasal, +son].

theorem Fragments.English.Phonology.æ_is_vowel : æ.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.syllabic true = true ∧ æ.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.sonorant true = true

/æ/ is a vowel: [+syll, +son].

theorem Fragments.English.Phonology.k_is_voiceless_velar_stop : k.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.continuant false = true ∧ k.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.voice false = true ∧ k.hasValue Theories.Phonology.Feature.dorsal true = true

/k/ is a voiceless velar stop: [-cont, -voice, +dor].