Standard Context Shifts #
Shift constructors for KContext that correspond to specific linguistic operations:
attitude embedding, temporal shift, full perspective shift, and the identity (no-op)
shift. Each preserves or changes specific coordinates, with theorems documenting
the preservation pattern.
These are the building blocks for tower-based composition. An attitude verb pushes
attitudeShift, a sequence-of-tense embedding pushes temporalShift, FID pushes
perspectiveShift, and Kaplan-compliant English attitude verbs push identityShift.
Attitude shift: changes agent (to the attitude holder) and world (to an attitude-accessible world). Addressee, time, and position are preserved.
@cite{schlenker-2003}: "John said that I am happy" — under the monster
analysis, the attitude verb shifts agent to John. Under Kaplan's
thesis, English uses identityShift instead.
Equations
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Temporal shift: changes time only. Used for sequence of tense, where embedded tense is evaluated relative to the matrix event time.
@cite{von-stechow-2009}: the attitude verb transmits its event time to the embedded clause's perspective time.
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Perspective shift: changes agent, time, and world simultaneously. This is the shift for Free Indirect Discourse (FID), where the narrative adopts the character's perspective across all coordinates.
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Identity shift: no change to the context. Kaplan's thesis for English says attitude verbs push identity shifts — embedding happens without shifting the context of utterance.
Equations
- Core.Context.identityShift = { apply := id, label := Core.Context.ShiftLabel.generic }
Instances For
Pushing an identity shift doesn't change the innermost context.